A person or legal entity that acquires rights to land must register their land ownership. However, land ownership can also lead to disputes, such as the dispute over former eigendom verponding land numbers 3740, 3741, and 3742 in Dago Elos. The Defendants have occupied the land for years without issues, and some have certificates of land ownership or building rights. In the verdict of Judicial Review Case Number 109 PK/Pdt/2022, the Defendants' actions in occupying the disputed land were deemed illegal. Therefore, the author is interested in analyzing whether the Defendants' actions meet the elements of illegal actions according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code and related regulations, and to what extent the Defendants are protected by the verdict. The research was conducted using a normative juridical method, with literature review generating descriptive notes and data, and utilizing a statutory approach. The results show that the Defendants' actions in occupying the disputed land do not constitute illegal actions under Article 1365 of the Civil Code due to the lack of elements. No legal protection can be provided because the verdict is final. The judge did not provide legal reasoning based on the juridical alignment between legal facts, evidence, and the legal basis of statutory regulations.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum konversi bentuk sertipikat tanah dari fisik menjadi elektronik serta perlindungan hukumnya terhadap pemegang hak sebagai alat pembuktian. UUPA hingga PP 24/1997 dinyatakan bahwa alat bukti kepemilikan hak atas tanah yaitu sertipikat berupa surat-surat sehingga memiliki kedudukan sebagai alat bukti tertulis namun Kementerian ATR/BPN mengeluarkan kebijakan terkait sertipikat elektronik yang mengubah dan menggantikan keberadaan sertipikat fisik sehingga penelitian ini merupakan penelitian baru mengingat selama ini sertipikat berbentuk fisik dan kebijakan sertipikat elektronik baru akan dilaksanakan. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu konversi bentuk sertipikat tanah dari fisik menjadi elektronik hanya dilakukan pada bidang tanah yang sudah terdaftar melalui permohonan pemeliharaan data pendaftaran tanah yang diajukan oleh pemegang hak sehingga jaminan kepastian hukum terdapat pada ada atau tidaknya permohonan pemeliharaan data yang diajukan. Adapun kaitannya dengan pembuktian, sertipikat elektronik dapat memberikan perlindungan terhadap pemegang hak sebagai alat bukti elektronik yang dibuktikan dengan 2 cara yaitu memperlihatkan secara langsung dari sistem elektronik dan hasil cetakannya.  The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal certainty of converting the form of land certificates from physical to electronic and the legal protection for rights holders as a means of proof. In the UUPA to PP 24/1997 it is stated that proof of ownership of land rights is a certificate in the form of letters so that it has the position as written evidence but the Ministry of ATR/BPN issued a policy related to electronic certificates that change and replace the existence of physical certificates so that this research is a research study. only considering that so far the certificates are in the form of physical certificates and the new electronic certificate policy will be implemented. The research method in this study is the normative juridical method with qualitative juridical data analysis methods and descriptive analytical research specifications. With the results of the study, namely the conversion of the form of land certificates from physical to electronic is only carried out on land parcels that have been registered through a land registration data maintenance application submitted by the right holder so that the guarantee of legal certainty is in the presence or absence of the submitted data maintenance application. With regard to evidence, electronic certificates can provide protection to rights holders as electronic evidence, which is proven in 2 ways, namely by showing directly from the electronic system and the printed results.