Knowledge sharing is a very important part of knowledge management. This article is a literature study on the factors that influence knowledge sharing in organizations. Based on a literature study conducted on the results of research on the factors that influence knowledge sharing in organizations, several factors that influence knowledge sharing are found. These factors are then analyzed and categorized based on aspects of organizational control. Factors that are within the control of the organization amounted to 13 factors. Then this article discusses more about the factors that are within the control of the organization and steps that can be taken by the organization to increase knowledge sharing.
 
 

Globalization has required humans to be constantly adaptable and competitive. Similarly, organizations must be more adaptable, resilient, able to change direction quickly, and capable of managing globally competitive human resources (HR). The availability of competitive and qualified human resources, as well as science and technology, is critical as an organizational asset for developing and competing in the globalization era. Successful organizations consistently generate new knowledge and are able to disseminate it throughout their organization while quickly adapting it to information technology and their products and services. Knowledge Management evolves as an important and strategic component of the organization in order to create value, improve organizational effectiveness and productivity, and boost organizational competitiveness.
 
 

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was enacted at the end of 2015, this is an opportunity for a country's skilled workforce to become professional workers in ASEAN member countries. Because the inherent nature of the enactment of the AEC is the repeal of regulations that allow the flow of goods, services, people (skilled workers), and money to be unhindered. In this condition, the role of cross-cultural communication in organizations is very strategic in creating reinforcement for the sustainability of skilled workers in pursuing their professional careers. It has become a trend that in the era of the global economy there are company activities that involve individuals/employees/managers from more than one country, both those assigned to other countries and those assigned to their own country. This condition causes cross-cultural communication to become unavoidable. In cross-cultural communication, one of the obstacles is language. Language is an extension of a culture. Differences in understanding or interpreting a word or symbol become a potential barrier to communication and this can hinder the process of business or organizational activities. For individuals who are involved in cross-cultural communication within an organization, it is recommended: 1) Increase knowledge and understanding of the culture of business partners or colleagues, 2) It is better to assume that other people who come from other cultures are different from us so as not to cause misperceptions and miscommunication with that person, 3) Apart from mastering the universal language, it is highly recommended to learn the local/regional language where we are assigned/work.
 
 

This research is intended to reveal internal and external conflict in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. This is qualitative research, in which the data are in the form of words rather than numbers. The information was gathered from the novel The Old Man and the Sea, which served as the primary source, as well as other books on the subject. The result shows that the external conflict is between the old man, Santiago, and society. First, when the other fishermen and society mock the old man, Second, when the old man, Santiago, is struggling against the wild nature, the cruel sea, and the marlin and sharks, in struggling against the mockery, the old man just keeps silent and goes on fishing. The morning cold will easily make the old man sick or unable to hold out. Nonetheless, the old man is always confident in his ability to persevere. The internal conflict begins when the old man, Santiago, feels lonely; he has no wife and no children. Second, he feels disappointed and ashamed. The old man has gone fishing for 84 days, but when he goes home from fishing, he brings only the skeleton. He caught fish, but the shark is the only one. Despite his disappointment, Santiago is a man who is undefeated.

The purpose of this research is to learn about Oliver Twist's struggles. This research is qualitative, in which the data are in the form of words rather than numbers. The data were collected from the novel, with Oliver Twist as the primary source, and other books that were relevant to this topic. The result shows Oliver was suffering, but he never gave up; instead, he ran away and looked up a lover in London. in his struggle for survival. Oliver shows his hard work in the orphanage and tries hard to break the rule or regulation. Oliver Twist is the first person to speak out against orphan mistreatment in the infant farm, where orphans would go for several nights without food. Oliver is very brave and never afraid of anyone, even though he is still a child. Never think that the world is full of bad people; good people are all around; they embellish good thoughts, nurture fine souls, and welcome you with an open heart. Their positive personality traits have a great impact on lives, and their influences are far stronger and more everlasting. When Mr. Brownlow resolves to save innocent Oliver Twist, nothing can stop him from rescuing the boy. It is also because of Oliver’s pure and good heart.

The purpose of this research is to prove whether role play and picture-in-picture are effective or not in improving students’ speaking abilities at SMP Negeri 1 Ratahan. This research is classified as "classroom action research" because it was conducted in a cycle. The second-grade students were taken as a sample consisting of 20 students. The writer used a reflective journal, field notes, and tests in collecting data. The data were analyzed in a way that triangulates the data sources. It compared the data obtained from reflexive journals, field notes, and tests. This was intended to get a general description of the students' progress. The triangulation was interpreted to get the result of the research. The findings of this study revealed that by using role play in Cycle 1, only a small number of students improved their speaking competency, with a mean score of 5. By applying picture and picture in Cycle 2, more students were able to speak, with a mean score of 6. The result was classified as moderate. Through the combination of role play and picture-and-picture in Cycle 3, most of the students made great progress, with a mean score of 8, and it was categorized as good.
 

The purpose of this study was to discover how students' critical thinking skills developed during the classroom learning process. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Ratahan, and the sample is the first-year students, which was made up of 35 students. The instruments used in collecting data are observation techniques. The data were analyzed qualitatively. 1) The concept of purpose was present in Meetings 2, 3, 4, and 5. It is shown that when students reason, they reason to achieve some objective, to satisfy some desire, or to fulfill some need. 2) The concept of "question" was in Meetings 1, 2, 4, and 5. This shows that generally, the students had questions and problems to be solved. (3) The concept of concept was only observed in Meetings 2, 3, and 5. Some ideas or concepts are used in all reasoning but not others. 4) The concept of assumption was in Meetings 1, 2, 4, and 5. All reasoning must begin somewhere; we must take some things for granted. Any "defect" in the assumptions or presuppositions with which the reasoning begins is a possible source of problems for students. 5) Only at Meeting 5 was the concept of information discussed. Whenever we reason, there is some "stuff," some phenomenon, about which we are reasoning. Any "defect," then, in the experiences, data, evidence, or raw material upon which a person’s reasoning is based is a possible source of problems. 6) The concept of interpretation was discussed in Meetings 3 and 4. Reasoning proceeds in steps: "Because this is so, that also is so (or probably so)," or "Since this, therefore that." Any "defect" in such inferences is a possible problem in our reasoning. 7) In Meetings 3 and 5, the concept of point of view or frame of reference was discussed. In this case, students reason within certain frames of reference. Any "defect" in that point of view or frame of reference is a possible source of problems in the reasoning. 8) Only Meetings 3 and 4 discussed the concept of implications (and consequences). Any "defect" in the implications or consequences of our reasoning is a possible source of problems.
 
 

This research is carried out to trace dignity in A Streetcar Named Desire. The dignity is focused on Blanche as a Southern woman, who has a different characterization from her sister Stella.  This research is qualitative research since the data are in the form of words and quotations. The data are collected from the drama itself, A Streetcar Named Desire, and other books or references to support the analysis. In analyzing the data, the writer used a mimetic approach. The approach views literature as the imitation and combination of the reality and imagination of the playwright or the result of his imagination that comes from reality. The result shows the existence of the dignity of Blanche as a Southern Woman who lives on wealth and has a plantation in Belle Reve. Blanche’s region and its society have unique values in their social status. It is gentility that includes the manner of treating the caller. Blanche shows that her dignity comes from her cultural and social background as a Southern woman. Blanche serves to symbolize what she felt about the Southern aristocracy as she tries to escape poverty and her reputation although her ancestry is dead. Blanche's struggle with dignity and fantasy serves as one of the main causes of her character’s downfall. Although she puts on a veneer of social snobbery and has a manner that is dainty and frail, in reality, Blanche lies because she refuses to accept the hand fate has dealt her. In the Old South, women depended on men for comfort and status. She is taken away from her dignity. She also desperately clings to and is dragged into a new world of reality and a New South.

This research is mainly intended to reveal the spirit of democracy in Walt Whitman’s I Hear America Singing. This study is regarded as qualitative research. The data were collected from the main source, the poem itself, and from other books as secondary sources. The data analyzed are presented in descriptive form. The expressive approach and mimetic approach are used to analyze the data. The result of the study shows that Walt Whitman, as the poet lifted up the freedom and competence of the common people to the growth of America. They are mechanics, carpenter, mason, boatmen, deckhand, shoemaker, hatter, wood-cutter, ploughboys, mother, young wife and girl. They have dignity and rights to make full use his/her activities as a part of democracy.

The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of small group discussion technique in improving the students’s speaking ability. It will be conduct at SMA Negeri 1 Poigar in one class of the first-year students of the school as the sample. The data were  collected using test in the form of pre-test and post-test. Teaching speaking skill by using small group discussion technique can improve the students’ ability in speaking. Small group discussion technique can give the students opportunity to practice their language. In small group discussion, they can express their ideas and thought freely. It will be better for English teacher to vary the techniques of teaching to avoid boredom that might appear to the students.