The city of Palembang, traversed by the Musi River, is well suited for industrial development in the fisheries sector. The area is renowned for its distinctive regional cuisine, one of which is pempek which is a processed fish product. Entrepreneurs supporting the supply of raw materials for processed fish products include ground fish businesses. The ground fish industry continues to expand, with business owners striving to maintain and enhance product quality and service standards to remain competitive and promote growth. In this regard, the decisions made by leaders significantly impact an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives. Therefore, appropriate methodologies are required to analyze the key factors influencing success or failure. SWOT analysis helps identify external opportunities and threats as well as internal strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, CSF analysis provides a clearer interpretation of key elements, defines essential activities, and supplies relevant information. Furthermore, this research proposes strategies to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and value at every stage of the value chain. It is expected that this analysis will assist businesses in optimizing resources and improving the competitiveness of ground fish enterprises in the market. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of strategic measures that can enhance the competitive advantage of ground fish businesses in the fisheries and food processing sectors.

The study aims to examine the legal concepts of Acts against the Law and default in Indonesian civil law as well as claims for damages caused by them. The urgency of this research lies in the need to update and change current laws to be more responsive to the ongoing social, economic, and technological changes. Uncertainty and inconsistency in the application of damages clauses often lead to legal uncertainties and injustice for the parties involved. This research method uses the normative juris. The results of the research show that there is a fundamental difference between acts against the law, which originate from an alliance born of law, and a default, which originates from a union born of agreement. This study found that claims for damages in cases of Acts against the Law and default are regulated differently in the UNCITRAL, with elements of damages such as real costs (damnum emergens) and lost profits (lucrum cessans). The findings of this study emphasize the importance of legal reform to address the ambiguities and inconsistencies in the application of damages provisions. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to the normative analysis of Indonesian civil law related to damages for Acts against the Law and default, as well as practical recommendations for improving the performance of civil law enforcement in Indonesia so that it is expected to provide better and fair legal protection for the injured parties. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep hukum dari perbuatan melawan hukum dan wanprestasi dalam hukum perdata Indonesia serta tuntutan ganti rugi yang diakibatkannya. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk memperbarui dan mengubah hukum saat ini agar lebih responsif terhadap perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan teknologi yang terus terjadi. Ketidakjelasan dan ketidakkonsistenan dalam penerapan ketentuan ganti rugi sering kali menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan ketidakadilan bagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan mendasar antara perbuatan melawan hukum, yang berasal dari perikatan lahir dari undang-undang, dan wanprestasi, yang berasal dari perikatan lahir dari perjanjian. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ketentuan ganti rugi dalam kasus wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum diatur secara berbeda dalam KUHPerdata, dengan elemen ganti rugi seperti biaya nyata (damnum emergens) dan keuntungan yang hilang (lucrum cessans). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya reformasi hukum untuk mengatasi ketidakjelasan dan ketidakkonsistenan dalam penerapan ketentuan ganti rugi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pendekatan komprehensifnya terhadap analisis normatif hukum perdata Indonesia terkait ganti rugi untuk perbuatan melawan hukum dan wanprestasi, serta rekomendasi praktis untuk meningkatkan kinerja penegakan hukum perdata di Indonesia, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum yang lebih baik dan adil bagi pihak yang dirugikan. Ganti Rugi; Perbuatan Melawan Hukum; Hukum Perdata