This research focuses on optimising precise Brushless DC (BLDC) motor speed control using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The fundamental problem lies in the performance of PID control, which is highly dependent on the accuracy of determining its gain parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd), where manual tuning methods often do not provide satisfactory results. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply the Ziegler-Nichols systematic method to the PID control tuning process for BLDC motors and then evaluate the performance of the resulting system based on key response time parameters such as rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error. The proposed method involves designing a mathematical model of the BLDC motor and applying the Ziegler-Nichols technique, specifically the Ultimate Oscillation Method, to systematically derive the values of Ku and Pu which are then used to calculate Kp (5.1), Ki (22.7), and Kd (0.29). The main findings show a dramatic performance improvement in the BLDC speed control system after the implementation of the tuned PID; the rise time is significantly reduced from 0.3728 seconds (without PID) to 0.0041 seconds, the settling time improves from 0.6642 seconds to 0.0073 seconds, and most importantly, the steady-state error of 45.38% is eliminated to 0%.  The main idea synthesis is that the Ziegler-Nichols method provides an effective and practical approach to PID parameter optimization, resulting in a highly responsive, accurate and stable BLDC motor control system. In conclusion, this study successfully demonstrates that applying a PID controller with parameters determined via the Ziegler-Nichols method significantly improves the speed control quality of a BLDC motor, overcoming the steady-state error problem and substantially improving the transient response characteristics.

One of the most important things that support an effective learning process is the ability of educators to create learning media. The ability to make trainers or teaching aids that support theoretical and practical learning is very important, especially for Vocational High Schools (SMK) teachers in electrical engineering. The purpose of this community service project is to prepare electrical engineering teachers to make Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) trainers suitable for use in the Solar Power Plant (PLTS) curriculum. Fifty teachers from Nurul Baqi Vocational High Schools in Semarang participated in the training for 40 lesson hours delivered with a Project Based Learning (PjBL) approach. The training results showed an increased understanding and application of the SCADA system by the participants, especially in terms of measuring current, voltage, solar radiation, temperature, as well as.

Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat membuat kemudahan untuk mengakses data oleh umum sehingga dibutuhkan suatu perlindungan hak cipta guna melindungi hak perihal pemilikan data secara legal. Audio watermarking yang diusulkan menanamkan informasi bit biner ke dalam sebuah media digital berupa audio yang tidak menyebabkan kerusakan pada media yang disisipi informasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi metode DWT dan Histogram. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa audio terwatermark yang mempunyai kualitas tinggi dan tidak menimbulkan dampak berati terhadap sinyal informasi yang telah disisipkan dengan menggunakan parameter Bit Error Ratio (BER). Pada penelitian ini, rata-rata BER yang didapat saat dilakukan serangan LPF adalah 0.07952. Sehingga metode ini mempunyai ketahanan yang tinggi. Sedangkan tanpa serangan watermark dapat terekstrak sempurna tanpa kerusakan dengan BER=0.