A study on the challenges of pension fund literacy and inclusion in Indonesia concluded that the average level of pension fund literacy in the period 2013 - 2025 only reached 18.08%, while the average level of inclusion in that period only reached 4.23%. The level of pension fund literacy and inclusion in Indonesia is low. In SNLIK 2025, the pension fund literacy rate was 27.79%, while the pension fund inclusion rate was 5.37%. Compared to the 2022 pension literacy rate of 30.46% and the 2022 inclusion rate of 5.40%, this means that pension literacy and inclusion rates are declining. It can be said that out of 10 Indonesians, only 2.7 people “understand” pension funds and only 0.5 (half) people “have” pension funds. This means that for every 10 Indonesians, less than 1 person has a pension fund. Low pension literacy and inclusion has a direct impact in the form of 1) an older generation at risk of poverty or financial dependence on children/family, 2) a continuing sandwich generation cycle, 3) stagnant growth of the pension fund industry, 4) low public trust, and 5) the emergence of public skepticism towards pension funds in the future.

This research concludes that the Income Level (TPP) received by workers at retirement is only 10% of the last salary obtained from the mandatory pension program, a decrease in income of 90% of the last salary. The monthly living cost needs of retirees in retirement (food, monthly shopping, water costs - electricity, internet, lifestyle, health insurance, etc.) obtained data of IDR 5,600,000, - or equivalent to 56% of the last salary per month. So in actual terms, the level of retirement income (TPP) of retirees in Indonesia there is a gap of IDR 4,600,000, - or 46% less than the last salary per month. This condition causes retirees to fail to maintain their standard of living in old age, in addition to experiencing financial problems in retirement. Factors that affect the amount of a person's TPP consist of: 1) type of work, 2) pension program participated in, 3) length of service and salary amount, 4) investment return rate from the pension program, 5) government regulations, 6) macroeconomic factors and inflation, 7) health conditions of retirees, 8) family responsibilities, and 9) pension fund education determine the size of the level of retirement income. Optimizing private pension funds plays an important role in increasing TPP as a guarantee of income in retirement and creating financial independence in old age, in addition to improving quality of life. For this reason, private pension funds must be managed more optimally to achieve significant investment performance, improve pension fund literacy, target formal and informal workers, and diversify adequate products and services through digitalization of pension fund access and services to encourage significant growth in private pension fund participation.

This study aims to explore the perceptions and preferences of ordinary workers in Jakarta regarding pension funds as a means of old-age financial planning. The research employs a survey method involving 100 respondents from various informal and formal employment sectors categorized as ordinary workers. The study focuses on three main aspects: ownership of pension savings, ability to contribute to pension funds, and the method of access preferred for purchasing pension products. The findings reveal that 64% of ordinary workers currently do not possess any retirement savings, indicating a lack of awareness or prioritization of long-term financial planning. Additionally, 77% of respondents reported that they are only capable of saving Rp. 500,000 or less per month for retirement purposes, which reflects limited financial capacity and competing daily financial needs. Furthermore, the survey found that 51% of respondents showed a preference for purchasing pension funds online, suggesting a growing acceptance of digital platforms in financial decision-making. Despite the evident need for future financial security, the overall perception and preference toward pension funds remain low among ordinary workers. This is mainly due to a lack of awareness, insufficient income, and a perceived complexity in accessing and understanding pension products. To improve participation rates, the study recommends the implementation of widespread and continuous education campaigns on the importance of retirement planning, particularly targeting low-income workers. Moreover, enhancing digital access to pension fund products can significantly boost inclusion by simplifying the purchasing process. The study concludes that pension funds, if properly promoted and made accessible, have the potential to become a viable instrument for ensuring income continuity for workers in their retirement years.

Community reading parks have a role in increasing reading interest. This study measures the level of effectiveness of reading park governance, with the CIPP ( Context, Input, Process, Product ) model qualitatively. The instruments used include document studies, interviews, questionnaires, observations, and focus group discussions . Data analysis is analytical in nature.  interactive. It can be concluded that the level of effectiveness of the management of reading parks in increasing public interest in reading is classified as "sufficient", with a score of 3.56 . The budget is the main obstacle for reading parks, in addition to policy implementation and human resources. The source of funds for reading parks, it turns out, is 75% from own funds, while the book collection of less than 3,000 books reaches 85%. Therefore, the management of reading parks must be further optimized.