Literary works, especially drama, often reflect the complexity of human psychology through character development and internal conflict. One of the most profound ways to explore this complexity is through psychoanalytic theory, which reveals how unconscious forces shape human behavior. The objective of this study is to analyze personality development in William Shakespeare’s drama Macbeth through the lens of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. This study employs descriptive qualitative method to explore the inner conflicts experienced by the main character, Macbeth, which are categorized into Freud’s structural personality model: the id, ego, and superego. The results of the data were found that the most dominant component was the id (50%), followed by the ego (30.56%) and the superego (19.44%). The dominance of the id appears in Macbeth's ambition and unconscious desires that lead him to commit murder and violence to gain power. The ego appears when Macbeth tries to think rationally and consider the consequences of his actions, especially when he hesitates or plans strategically before taking any steps. The superego is found in Macbeth’s feelings of guilt and remorse after killing King Duncan, which show his moral awareness and internal punishment. The psychological tension caused by the conflict among the three components of personality reflects Macbeth’s mental transformation from a noble man to a tyrant driven by fear, guilt, and obsession. The final conclusion is that the id is the most dominant factor influencing Macbeth’s downfall, as his uncontrolled desires overpower his rational mind and moral conscience, causing his psychological destruction. This study shows that psychoanalytic theory can be a powerful tool to uncover the internal struggles of literary characters and explain how hidden psychological forces shape their fate.

The drama Woman Talking has many feminist values can be found, especially about gender equality, women’s freedom, and moving away from patriarchy. The values shown in this film are already being practiced today, where women and men are seen as equals in terms of rights and opportunities. These important ideas inspire writers to explore them more deeply, aiming to raise awareness among men so they do not look down on women. This study aims to examine the representation of feminism in Women Talking, a drama directed by Sarah Polley. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research analyzes the film’s narrative and dialogue to explore how the women fight for bodily autonomy, voice, and the freedom to choose their own paths. The results indicate that Women Talking has five of six types of feminism theory, which the liberal feminism is the largest one with 39%, and then radical feminism 32%, traditional marxist feminism 16%, socialist feminism 12%, and the last is postmodern feminism 6%. This drama has no dialog that talking about critical race feminisim. The findings show that Women Talking is not only a space for the expression of voices long silenced, but also a quiet yet powerful form of collective resistance against systemic oppression.

Film serves as a vital medium for reflecting cultural values and functions as an effective tool for intercultural communication. This study explores the differences in communication styles between the Korean and Indonesian adaptations of Miracle in Cell No. 7, focusing on how culture influences the expression of emotions, authority, and moral values through verbal and nonverbal elements. Employing a mixed-method approach, this research integrates qualitative thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) to examine key scenes, along with quantitative coding to statistically compare communicative elements. Hall’s (1976) theory of high-context and low-context communication provides the main theoretical framework to understand the intercultural distinctions between the two versions. The results show that the Korean adaptation relies more heavily on gestures (53.33%), such as physical aggression and exaggerated movements, while the Indonesian version (42.86%) places greater emphasis on verbal articulation and religious expression. Dramatic tonal shifts are more common in the Korean version (26.67%), whereas the Indonesian adaptation (28.57%) maintains a more controlled tone of voice. Facial expressions are more exaggerated in the Korean version (6.67%), particularly in scenes involving authority, while the Indonesian characters (9.52%) display subtler and more restrained expressions. Implicit communication, including religious symbolism, is more prominent in the Indonesian adaptation (19.05%), incorporating Islamic prayers and teachings, whereas the Korean version (13.33%) subtly includes Christian elements. This study reveals that while both adaptations reflect high-context communication cultures, the Korean version emphasizes physical expressiveness and hierarchical interaction, while the Indonesian version highlights verbal communication, religious themes, and emotional restraint. These findings reinforce the role of cinema as a medium for identity representation and cross-cultural understanding.

Tomato (lycopersicum esculentum Mill) are a source of vitamins and minerals and have health benefits such as maintaining heart health. The denabd for tomatoes in indonesia continues to increase so it is necessary to take action to increase production by utilizing Fungi Mycorrhizal Arbuscular and manure. FMA is a fungus associated with plants where FMA binds nutrients in the soil. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of gungus mycorrhizal arbuscular and manure. This research was carried out in july – september 2023 in Siderejo village, Langsa Lama District, Langsa City. The research used a 2 factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 replications. The first factor is the FMA dose, namely: F0 : 0 gr/plot, F1 : 20 gr/plot, F2 : 40 gr/plot, F3 : 60 gr/plot. The second factor is the dose of fertilizer P1 : 2,08 kg/plot, P2 : 5,6 kg/plot, P3 : 8,4 kg/plot. Date were analyzed using variance (F test) at the 5% and 1% levels. If the treatment has a real effect, continue with the BNJ test at the 5% level.

"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone," a big movie released in 2001. The movie succeeded J.K. Rowling's fantasy novel of the same name. The film shows different characters and different characters. This study examines this description of personality through the lens of the Big Five personality model (OCEAN: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism). By examining how the characters interact and behave, this study aims to identify the ways in which the characters display the characteristics associated with each of the Five Five personality traits. Using a descriptive method, the analysis focuses on the dialogue and monologues of the characters, supplemented by extensive library research on personality psychology, the Big Five Personality theory, and cinematic analysis. The study found that the characters in this movie possess characteristics related to the Big Five pattern, which can be seen in their actions, speech and behavior throughout the film. The results showed that openness to experience, extraversion, and neuroticism were the most prominent traits, while conscientiousness and flexibility were less common. It is important to understand how people affect people, because it determines how people act and how they treat others. Examining the characters in this movie not only enhances the viewing experience of the film, but also enhances the value of the Big Five model for analyzing characters in various literary and film works.
 

This study aims to describe a prototype curriculum that has similarities with the national curriculum since it is a simplified version. This type of research is a qualitative analysis with a literature study approach and literature study. Searching for in-depth documentation was carried out to obtain data. The discussion covers literature search, literature evaluation using a number of criteria, literature content review and analysis, also the synthesis of prototype curriculum literature content. The data analysis used a critical and accurate content analysis model consisting of three stages, namely collecting, reviewing documents, triangulating data, and confirming the validity of the data. The results show that the prototype curriculum was carried out through stages based on capacity and target setting by the education unit and it was necessary to analyze and develop the operational curriculum of the education unit with a focus on growing the Pancasila character for students, based on the seven selected themes. Following up on these findings, it is necessary to emphasize the voice of the students. Whatever changes occur, they must provide the maximum benefit to students.

Indonesian students who study in Singapore experience a lot of cultural shock. This happened because of the many differences in the education system between Indonesia and Singapore. This study aims to analyze the cultural shock experienced by Indonesian students in Singapore. The research applied a qualitative descriptive research method that using library research based on Sverre Lysgaard (1955) theory, some Indonesian students who are still in college and have also graduated from college in the last 5 years in Singapore became the object of research in the internet site “Quora” about how it's like studying in Singapore. The result shows that many Indonesian students experience cultural shock based on the opinions or comments given in the comments column. The percentage of stages experienced by Indonesian students shows that the honeymoon stage is 20%, frustration stage is 30%, adjustment stage is 20%, and also adaptation stage is 30%. There are many differences in the education system in Indonesia and Singapore which are the main challenges in getting an education, one of which is about activities in learning and the attendance system in class. Not only that, the support from the teaching workforce and language also triggered the Cultural shock experienced by Indonesian students studying in Singapore.

The Butler movie explored discrimination between white and black people that created  social  grade  which  lead to the conflict.  This became  a very interesting one to explore. The purpose of this study was to find more about the  racism  in  such  movie.  The  researcher  used  a  qualitative  descriptive method,  and  the  research  material  was  a dialogue  from  the  movie  "The Butler". The analyse was done by using the theory of racism, "three types of racism”, Michel Wieviorka (1995). The dialogue of the movie accompanied by picture as the sample of the data in analysis done by contextually and theoritically. The result of the study showed attitudes racism was the most prevalent, which means there are discriminations occured to black people in The  Butler  movie.  Attitudes  is  a  pattern  of  thinking  or  feeling  about something or someone, generally represented in a person's behavior. While prejudice and opinions racism are the most rarely occured in such movie. Prejudice  rarely  occured  in the  social  life  because  black  people  can  not express their feeling and they struggle welfare, which was hard to achieve in the movie. Opinions rarely occured in the movie because white people grade was higher than black people in such movie.

Indonesian students who study in Singapore experience a lot of cultural shock. This happened because of the many differences in the education system between Indonesia and Singapore. This study aims to analyze the cultural shock experienced by Indonesian students in Singapore. The research applied a qualitative descriptive research method that using library research based on Sverre Lysgaard (1955) theory, some Indonesian students who are still in college and have also graduated from college in the last 5 years in Singapore became the object of research in the internet site “Quora” about how it's like studying in Singapore. The result shows that many Indonesian students experience cultural shock based on the opinions or comments given in the comments column. The percentage of stages experienced by Indonesian students shows that the honeymoon stage is 20%, frustration stage is 30%, adjustment stage is 20%, and also adaptation stage is 30%. There are many differences in the education system in Indonesia and Singapore which are the main challenges in getting an education, one of which is about activities in learning and the attendance system in class. Not only that, the support from the teaching workforce and language also triggered the Cultural shock experienced by Indonesian students studying in Singapore.

Metaphors were mosly found in the drama “Hamlet.” It confused and made it hard for the readers to understand some dialogue in that drama. It became an interesting one to explore more profound about the use of metaphors. This study explored more the metaphors in the conversation among characters in William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. The researcher applied a qualitative descriptive method with the theory of the Metaphor, according to Parera (2004), as a detailed explanation. The study results found that the most frequently occurring types were Animal Metaphors (35%), and Anthropomorphic Metaphors as the rarest one (15%). Animal Metaphor uses animal parts to mock people in this story. Anthropomorphic metaphors are parts of the human body that are transferred to various inanimate objects used to praise in this story. Metaphors  occured in a drama  which can make it more interesting to read and perform.