Psychological assessment is an important component of guidance and counseling services as it supports counselors' understanding of learners' psychological conditions, potentials, and problems. This article aims to explain the role of assessment in understanding clients, identify the types of assessments commonly used, and emphasize the importance of understanding assessment as a counselor's professional competence. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies from relevant journals. The results of the discussion show that assessments, both test and non-test, can provide comprehensive information that assists counselors in designing effective interventions. Understanding assessment also encourages counselors to act professionally and ethically in the service process. Thus, assessment is not just a measuring tool, but an important foundation in holistic and strategic counseling practice.

Education is a fundamental aspect in the formation of human personality which continues to develop over time. In Indonesia, education has gone through a long history, with various efforts made to ensure that every citizen has equal and quality access to develop their potential optimally. This research aims to analyze and examine various theories and research results on the development of the Indonesian education system. The research uses qualitative methods with a literature review type. The results of this research include (1) a historical basis that studies past developments, (2) a philosophical basis that examines basic values, (3) a psychological basis that considers individual psychological aspects, (4) a sociological basis that examines social dynamics, (5) the Tut Wuri Handayani foundation which emphasizes support and encouragement from behind, (6) the science and technology foundation which utilizes developments in science and technology, and (7) the juridical foundation which adheres to the applicable legal framework.