The objective of this study is to assess and understand fair Production Sharing Agreement (PSC) structures as well as state practices in the mining sector through a comparative analysis. The investigation aims to scrutinize and understand the optimal approach for implementing a fair PSC)in mining. The research uses the normative legal research method and legal principles rooted in specific areas of the legal system, initially by determining the rules defined in the relevant legislation. Findings reveal fair Production Sharing Contract (PSC) arrangements in the Mining Sector and Government Practices. Production-sharing contracts in comparative research ignore the principle of balancing the rights and obligations of the parties involved. The contractor is required to bear all operating costs, which represents a significant burden in the absence of cost recovery. The proposed ideal concept for the implementation of the fair PSC in the mining sector involves the integration of the cost recovery PSC with the common split system agreement. In particular, the application of  PSC to existing upstream oilfields and the adoption of the gross split work contract system for new upstream oilfields.Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menilai dan memahami struktur Perjanjian Bagi Hasil (PSC) yang adil serta praktik negara di sektor pertambangan melalui analisis komparatif. Investigasi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti dan memahami pendekatan optimal untuk menerapkan PSC yang adil di bidang pertambangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dan asas-asas hukum yang berakar pada bidang tertentu dalam sistem hukum, yang mula-mula dengan menentukan aturan-aturan yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersangkutan. Temuan mengungkapkan pengaturan PSC yang adil di sektor pertambangan dan praktik pemerintah. Kontrak bagi hasil dalam penelitian komparatif mengabaikan prinsip keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban para pihak yang terlibat. Kontraktor wajib menanggung seluruh biaya operasional, yang merupakan beban signifikan jika tidak ada cost recovery. Usulan konsep ideal penerapan fair PSC di sektor pertambangan melibatkan integrasi cost recovery PSC dengan perjanjian sistem common split. Khususnya penerapan PSC pada ladang minyak hulu yang sudah ada dan penerapan sistem kontrak karya gross split pada ladang minyak hulu baru.  

This research aims to determine the implementation of the principles of justice and supervision of consumer protection in protecting consumers who use whitening cream cosmetic products (from the perspective of legal justice theory). The urgency of this research was initiated because many whitening cream products are circulating that contain dangerous ingredients and are sold at low prices. The research involved takes a juridical-normative approach. Techniques for data collection include literature studies and observations at BPOM Pekanbaru City. The principle of justice in consumer legal protection has not been effectively implemented by Article 2 paragraph (2) of the UUPK. One of the factors is a lack of effective compensation. The government merely issues administrative and criminal sanctions without being obliged to compensate for damages or restore the health of the skin affected by products. Then, according to UUPK rules, the BPOM does not have the authority to supervise the execution of consumer protection (Article 30 (1) UUPK). As a result, the Pekanbaru City BPOM's supervisory function on this research issue is ineffective, leaving consumers with insufficient facilities and infrastructure, free legal aid, and quick access to settle consumer disputes with business actors.