This study discusses the preventive measures against piracy attacks faced by MV. X while transiting High Risk Areas. The purpose of this research is to identify the vessel’s vulnerability factors to piracy attacks and analyze the procedures and preventive actions that have been implemented. A descriptive qualitative method was used, including observation, in-depth interviews with crew members and armed guards, as well as document analysis of anti-piracy SOPs. The research findings show that the vulnerabilities of MV. X are due to limited drill training, suboptimal implementation of procedures, and inconsistency in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Based on these findings, it is recommended to increase the frequency and depth of simulation drills, enforce PPE usage standards, and update deck access security procedures. In conclusion, consistent implementation of procedures and structured training will enhance vessel security during High Risk Area transits.

The decline in red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) production in Indonesia has prompted the need to explore effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional fertilizers. This study examines the potential of cow biourine as a liquid organic fertilizer to increase the yield and nutritional quality of red spinach. The field experiment used a Randomized Block Design with five levels of biourine concentration (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 ml). The variables measured included growth components (fresh weight and productivity) and quality (protein and calcium content). The analysis results showed that the application of cow biourine significantly increased fresh weight, productivity, and calcium content. A dose of 400 ml proved to be the optimal treatment with a wet weight of 120.16 g, a productivity of 4.71 tons/ha, and a calcium content of 469.83 ppm.

This research aims to provide information about Fusarium oxysporum fungus attacks and their control. Several published research results show the severity of attacks is up to 80% and is economical. Fusarium oxysporum fungal infection occurs on the roots and tubers, due to root infection and tuber rot, discoloration, and necrosis of the base layer of the tuber. Furthermore, the fungal mycelium grows rapidly and an anomaly can be seen starting from the base of the tuber and spreading to the top and sides so that the stem grows longer, the leaves do not grow upright but curve, twist or become molten so that the plant wilts and ultimately the plant dies. Control using technical culture methods for cultivating healthy plants and crop rotation systems, using organic materials as a medium for anti-antagonistic microbes, applying the biological agent's Actinomycete, Streptomyces, Trichoderma gloeosporioides and exploiting the potential of anti-pathogenic microbes in the rhizosphere.