Learning difficulties remain a persistent and multifaceted challenge among junior high school students, significantly impacting academic achievement, motivation, and classroom engagement. This study explores the strategic implementation of guidance and counseling (GC) services in addressing these issues at SMP Negeri 178 Jakarta. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Findings indicate that GC services are systematically delivered through individual and group counseling sessions, classroom-based interventions, and motivational enhancement programs. The primary learning issues identified include diminished motivation, academic anxiety, inadequate study skills, and socio-emotional challenges that hinder student performance. Effective GC service delivery is supported by strong collaboration among counselors, subject teachers, homeroom teachers, and parents, alongside institutional support from school leadership. Conversely, barriers such as limited counselor availability, low student engagement, and a lack of awareness regarding the function of GC services impede optimal outcomes. The study concludes that the effectiveness of GC interventions is contingent upon contextually responsive, personalized, and collaborative approaches. These findings underscore the need to strengthen policy, enhance counselor professional development, and integrate GC programs into the school’s educational management system.Keywords: Guidance and Counseling; Learning Challenges; Individual Counseling; School Collaboration; Secondary Education

The Sindu Block area in Kalibening District, Banjarnegara Regency, is a rice field area 1000 meters above sea level that often floods during the rainy season. The initial indications of the cause of flooding are high rainfall, siltation of rivers, and changes in forest land use. There is a need for research related to land use change in the Kalibening area to determine its effect on the peak discharge of the Brukah River flood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of land use change on the percentage of increase in peak flood discharge in the Brukah River. The calculation of peak flood discharge in this study uses the HEC-HMS application with GPM satellite rainfall data, frequency analysis using Hydrognomon, and baseflow using the Gama 1 equation. The simulation results showed that the comparison between ideal conditions and other conditions in percentage terms from Q2th, Q5th, Q10th, Q25th, and Q50th was an average of 14.1% - 10.7% for 2012 conditions, then 15.7% - 11.7% for 2020 conditions, and 22.7% - 16.1% for severe conditions. Land use changes significantly affect peak flood discharge, especially in the Brukah River in the Sindu Kalibening Block area of Banjarnegara.