This study examines the effect of personalization-based digital marketing strategies on brand loyalty within cross-cultural contexts, employing A/B testing and multivariate analysis methods. The research is motivated by the critical role of digital marketing in fostering consumer relationships and the challenges of understanding cultural differences that influence consumer responses to marketing strategies. The primary objective of the study is to analyze how cultural dimensions moderate the effectiveness of personalized marketing content in enhancing brand loyalty. The study was conducted through an experiment involving 200 participants divided into two groups: one group received personalized digital content, while the other received standard content. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of culture and marketing strategies on brand loyalty, consumer satisfaction, and product recommendations. The results indicate that personalized content significantly increases brand loyalty (M = 4.5, SD = 0.8) compared to standard content (M = 3.8, SD = 1.0; p < 0.05). Additionally, consumers from collectivist cultures demonstrated a more positive response to personalized content, with higher brand loyalty scores (M = 4.6) compared to those from individualist cultures (M = 4.0). This study underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity in digital marketing strategy planning. Integrating personalization elements with an understanding of cultural contexts has been shown to enhance consumer engagement and foster stronger brand loyalty. These results provide both empirical contributions and practical guidance for companies in designing effective marketing campaigns for diverse global markets.

Differences in previous research regarding the influence of liquidity and company size on a company's capital structure. The focus of this research is to examine and analyze how liquidity affects the capital structure of a company. Apart from that, it will also be analyzed how company size affects the capital structure of the same company. This research focuses on testing and analyzing how liquidity and the size of a company affect the structure of a company's capital. A technique where multiple linear regression is used to process data using this technique to estimate the value of the dependent variable using multiples of the independent variables. Liquidity has a positive and significant influence on the structure of a company's capital. 2. The size of a company has a positive and significant influence on the structure of a company's capital.

An unavoidable fact in utilizing the optimization of the company's economic aspects, either directly or indirectly, is the minimization of the impact on environmental conditions. This study seeks to examine empirically to develop models and improve sustainable performance by using various research variables that have been reviewed by various previous researchers. such as corporate governance. The model in the bag at a manufacturing company in Central Java with a composition of 200 samples and data analysis using Amos 25 to obtain inferential statistical results using regression analysis.The results of this study indicate that all hypotheses proposed in this model are accepted and can provide a form of contribution to the development of science related to the acceptance of all hypotheses in the model.Further research in making empirical models based on integration models should add other variables outside of corporate governance and CRS disclosure to improve environmental performance such as corporate social performance, green supply chain management, and institutional pressure. The contribution of the theoretical aspects shown by the development of these findings can contribute to agency theory, and this operational management theory can provide recommendations for managers to improve company performance based on corporate governance.