This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of one-tier board supervision mechanisms across Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, examining the effectiveness of corporate governance frameworks in emerging market contexts. The research employs a doctrinal normative legal methodology, analyzing statutory instruments including Indonesia's Job Creation Law No. 6 of 2023, Malaysia's Companies Act 2016, and Singapore's Companies Act 1967. The introduction of Indonesia's Individual Limited Liability Company (PT Perseorangan) represents a significant paradigmatic shift from traditional two-tier governance structures, necessitating examination of supervisory adequacy within simplified corporate frameworks. The comparative analysis reveals fundamental disparities in regulatory sophistication, with Malaysia and Singapore demonstrating comprehensive fiduciary duty frameworks, mandatory company secretary requirements, and graduated enforcement mechanisms. In contrast, Indonesia's PT Perseorangan exhibits critical institutional deficiencies, including normative conflicts between statutory provisions, limited directorial responsibility regulation, and inadequate enforcement responsiveness. The findings demonstrate that effective one-tier governance systems require sophisticated institutional support mechanisms extending beyond regulatory simplification. Malaysia's stringent Section 213 fiduciary duty provisions and Singapore's technology-enabled enforcement approach provide robust oversight despite absent traditional supervisory boards. The research establishes that successful governance transitions require institutional preparation rather than mere regulatory amendment, with Indonesia's framework requiring substantial reform incorporating company secretary mandates, comprehensive fiduciary duty provisions, and graduated enforcement systems. These findings contribute to institutional theory literature by demonstrating context-dependent governance effectiveness and provide practical recommendations for enhancing corporate accountability in simplified governance structures within emerging market jurisdictions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal status of fiduciary collateral objects designated as state-confiscated assets that have been auctioned, and to examine the resolution of the state's rights in confiscating and auctioning fiduciary collateral objects in relation to the rights of financing companies as fiduciary creditors whose claims remain unsettled. This study employs a normative juridical research method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The results show that fiduciary collateral objects confiscated and auctioned by the state do not automatically nullify the creditor’s rights, as the principle of droit de suite entitles creditors to claim the object or the proceeds from its sale. Regulatory ambiguity creates legal uncertainty and discourages fiduciary-based financing practices. From a justice perspective, the state must not arbitrarily execute assets without considering the legitimate rights of creditors. Resolution of the conflict between the rights of the state and creditors must be carried out proportionally through criminal, civil, or non-litigation avenues, in order to establish a balance between law enforcement and creditor protection, thereby maintaining stability in the financing sector.

This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge and awareness on safety riding behavior among online motorcycle taxi drivers. Considering the rapid growth of online transportation and the increasing risk of accidents, understanding the factors that affect driver behavior is crucial. This literature review analyzes 15 relevant studies. The researcher conducted a series of studies involving various sources such as books, Google Scholar, Mendeley, PubMed, ScienceDirect, focusing on open access and full paper articles in Indonesian or English. The analysis shows a significant relationship between drivers’ knowledge and awareness of safety riding practices and their compliance with safe driving behavior. Higher levels of knowledge and awareness correlate with increased adherence to traffic regulations, proper use of safety equipment, and better understanding of potential road hazards. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous safety training programs and policy interventions to improve the safety and welfare of online motorcycle drivers.
 
 

This Community Service Activity is carried out for MSME Actors in Regency/City in Jambi Province. The preparation of company financial reports is carried out in a certain period. Usually companies make financial reports when their company's accounting period enters the end. This accounting period is determined by each company. Some are done at the end of the year, some are done every few months. Through the Simple Financial Report Preparation Training, it is hoped that it will help MSME partners manage their business financial reports. And will increase Capability, namely improving the Recording of Financial Reports and Transactions manually to be fast and accurate. Hopefully, with this preparation training, you will gain insight, knowledge and understanding of the basics of proper financial management and including how to make a budget.

Based on The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), especially in the Preamble to the Fourth Paragraph , the State of Indonesia has objective national For advance well-being general and enlightening life nation . This matter become base law for development national focus on improvement? quality source Power human resources (HR) as the main capital .Education and skills is two element important in creating quality human resources . Article 26 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution confirms that every citizens have the right on education . Article 31 paragraph (3) also states that government responsible answer on maintenance education . This matter show internal state commitment provide access broad and equitable education? for all over people of Indonesia. 

This research aims to analyze indicators of actions that qualify as trade secret violations and analyze the urgency of regulating confidentiality agreements to optimize trade secret protection. Important research is studied looking at trade secret conflicts that occur as a result of breaking an agreement to protect trade secrets. This research utilizes normative juridical research methods based on legal materials to support research through statutory approaches and case studies at PT. Flux Asia Solusindo. Research shows that there are main elements that need to be tested to determine whether information can be qualified as a trade secret or not. Without a written or verbal agreement to protect trade secrets, it creates confusion in filing legal action if the information is disclosed at a later date. The government and DPR should regulate confidentiality agreements and harmonize them with territorial restrictions, time periods, and the inclusion of non-competition clauses in the Trade Secrets Law. Legal certainty regarding the protection of trade secrets in the trial process can be realized by changes by the Supreme Court regarding the requirements for applications to submit a closed trial by the owner of the secret with the judge's obligation to declare the trial closed in the substantive examination. Settlement of trade secret disputes in Indonesia should prioritize mediation or civil proceedings. Criminal prosecution should be a last resort as adhered to by the principle of ultimum remedium. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis indikator tindakan yang dikualifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran rahasia dagang melalui dua studi kasus di antaranya pada PT. Shafira Laras Persada dan PT. Flux Asia Solusindo dan menganalisis urgensi pengaturan confidentiality agreement sebagai strategi optimalisasi perlindungan kerahasiaan informasi bernilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini penting untuk dikaji melihat pada isu perselisihan yang berujung pada meja hijau antara pengusaha dan karyawan terkait tidak transparannya kesepakatan mengenai daftar informasi perusahaan yang harus dijaga kerahasiaannya dan wanprestasi karyawan dalam melindungi rahasia dagang. Penulis memanfaatkan metode penelitian yuridis normatif berdasarkan ketentuan hukum dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier sebagai penunjang penelitian melalui pendekatan undang-undang dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengungkapkan informasi perusahaan tanpa nilai ekonomi dan tidak secara lisan atau tertulis disepakati sebagai rahasia dagang tidak dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran rahasia dagang, sedangkan apabila terdapat perjanjian tertulis yang mengatur spesifik daftar rahasia dagang yang harus dijaga, maka dapat dilakukan upaya hukum jika terjadi wanprestasi. Selain itu, perlu diatur peraturan pelaksana atau peraturan dengan substansi khusus terkait confidentiality agreement dengan penerapan yang adil melalui asas proporsionalitas melalui batasan yang logis meliputi pembatasan wilayah geografis, pembatasan jangka waktu, pemberian kompensasi, dan secara spesifik menyebutkan jenis pekerjaan yang dilarang.