This research aims to analyze the influence of financial sector deepening and foreign exchange reserves on currency exchange rates in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. The variables in this research are exchange rate, GDP, credit interest rates, money supply, foreign exchange reserves. This research uses secondary data taken from WorldBank in 2005-2022. The data analysis technique used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) panel. The research results from the ARDL model analysis show that the countries that are able to become lead indicators for KURS tariff stability are Indonesia and Malaysia. This is because all the variables or indicators in the research, namely (Foreign Exchange Reserves, GDP, JUB and Credit Interest Rates) in these countries have a significant effect on the KURS, while CDV, GDV and JUB do not have a significant effect on the KURS. in the Philippines, only the SBK variable has a significant effect on the KURS in the Philippines. If we look at short-term and long-term stability, the Unemployment Rate variable, both short-term and long-term, has a significant effect on KURS stability.

This research aims to determine Renewable Energy, Emission Intensity, Life Expectancy, and Unemployment Rate on Gross National Income (GNI) in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, and Norway. The variables in this research are Renewable Energy, Emission Intensity, Life Expectancy, and Unemployment Rate as independent variables, while the Gross National Income variable is the dependent variable. This research uses secondary data taken from the OECD from 2011-2023. The data analysis technique used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) panel. The research results from the ARDL model analysis show that the country that is able to become a leading indicator for the stability of the GNI rate is only Norway. This is because all the variables or indicators in the research, namely (Renewable Energy, Life Expectancy, and Unemployment Rate), this country has a significant effect on GNI. while the Emission Intensity variable does not have a significant effect on GNI. If we look at the stability of the short run and long run, the Unemployment Rate variable, both in the short and long term, significantly controls the stability of GNI.
 
 

Destination study that is for the role of brand image in mediate amenity to satisfaction tourists in Bukit Lawang . Method analysis by year first in study this use approach SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) . Research results show that 1) By straight a minute have influence positive and significant to brand image on Bukit Lawang . 2) In straight a minute have influence positive and significant to tourist satisfaction at Bukit Lawang . 3) In no direct brand image has role significant in mediate a minute to tourist satisfaction at Bukit Lawang .
 

Destination from study this that is for test variable Interest Rates, Inflation , Total Money Supply and GDP how much big in take effect to EXCHANGE variable . And for knowing is panel level _ ethnic group interest , inflation , money supply , unemployment , investment , and GDP have an effect positive and significant to exchange rates in America, Australia, China, Canada , Indonesia, Japan , South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Russia and Thailand. Approach study this is study associative / quantitative with the Simultaneous model and the ARDL Panel where aim see linkages Among independent variables and dependent variables that spread panel in Top Major Exchange Rate countries in 11 APEC Countries. Study this conducted against 11 countries with exchange rate strongest in the APEC countries in the world (America, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Japan , China, Indonesia, Canada , Russia , and Thailand). The ARDL Panel Analysis results show that the Leading Model Control indicators Exchange Rate System Through the Post -Covid-19 Open Economy Model, the Top Major Exchange Rates in Eleven Apec Countries (Varies) are JUB and GDP. this _ due to the results data processing , the ROE variable is variable that gives stable influence , ie _ effect on the inside period long nor period short in give influence significant to score exchange , which is assessed from level short run and long run stability in the table result .
 

The research objective was to determine the effect of the quality of fertilizer, technology and capital on the productivity of the people in Tunas Harapan Village, Gunung Meriah District, Aceh Singkil Regency. The population in this study was the community in Tunas Harapan Village, Gunung Meriah District, Aceh Singkil Regency, totaling 198 people, then the determination technique was purposive random sampling. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a Likert measurement scale. The results of multiple regression analysis are Y = 7.772 + 0.257X1 + 0.1932 + 0.348X3 + e which shows the quality of fertilizer, technology and capital have a positive and significant effect on the productivity of the people. While the results of the test (t) or partial test show that the quality of fertilizer has a positive and significant effect on community productivity where it can be seen that the value of t count = 2.359 > t table 2.034, the technology variable has a positive and significant effect on community productivity where it can be seen that the value of t count = 2.137 > t table 2.034, and capital also has a positive and significant effect on the productivity of the people where it can be seen that the value of t count = 2.533 > t table 2.034. Then the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.823 (82.3%). So that it can be said that 82.3% of the variation in the dependent variable, namely the quality of fertilizer, technology and capital in the model has contributed to the productivity of the community in Tunas Harapan Village, Gunung Meriah District, Aceh Singkil Regency, while the remaining 17.7% is influenced by other variables outside the model