This research analyzes phonological disorder patterns in the pronunciation of the /r/ consonant among university students with rhotacism. The study focuses on Wardah Zahra, a 20-year-old student who has experienced difficulty pronouncing the /r/ consonant since childhood. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with interview techniques and pronunciation analysis, the research reveals consistent substitution patterns where the /r/ consonant is pronounced as /l/ and /w/, particularly in medial and final word positions. Phonetic and phonemic analysis uncovers pronunciation variations that are consistent across initial, medial, and final word positions. Psychological factors such as self-confidence also influence the development of pronunciation disorders. Research findings indicate that adult rhotacism patients develop adaptive communication strategies and exhibit relatively stable pronunciation patterns. Although there are variations in disorder severity, consistency is found in phonological substitution patterns. This research provides an in-depth understanding of phonological disorder characteristics in adult rhotacism patients and can serve as a foundation for developing more effective interventions.

Geographically, the SCS has an area of ??around 3 million km2 and is located between the southern coast of China and Taiwan to the north, the coast of Southeast Asian countries to the west, a group of islands in the Philippines to the east, and Kalimantan and Indonesia to the south. With the aim of being able to find out more about the Indonesian president's policies regarding the South China Sea dispute in front of the global community, and being able to find out the impact and solutions regarding the Indonesian president's policies regarding the South China Sea dispute in front of the global community. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research design. Library research is research in which data collection is carried out by collecting data from various reference sources. The naming of the North Natuna Sea in the new map reflects Indonesia's foreign policy as a manifestation of Indonesia's national interests in responding to regional developments, and the Indonesian government's efforts to carry out the process of securing territorial sovereignty and its citizens in the seas bordering the South China Sea. Indonesia stated that the SCS conflict could become open war because of three things. First, the tendency of the parties involved to use military force to strengthen claims in the region. Second, there is the involvement of foreign parties from outside the region. Third, there is no credible institution to resolve existing problems.
 
 

This research was conducted to determine the effect of brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality on brand loyalty on OPPO Smartphone products in Jaya Ponsel Payakumbuh. This research method uses quantitative methods. The technique used in collecting data in this research is a questionnaire by distributing questionnaires to 96 respondents using OPPO in Jaya Ponsel Payakumbuh, and the data from the respondents' answers will be processed using SPSS. The results of this study indicate that brand awareness has a positive effect on brand loyalty, brand association has a positive effect on brand loyalty, and perceived quality has a positive effect on brand loyalty.