This study aims to explore the factors that affect the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in improving student learning outcomes. PBL is a learning method based on real problem solving that requires students to think critically and work collaboratively. Although PBL has been proven effective in a variety of contexts, its implementation in developing countries and in various disciplines still faces challenges. The factors tested in this study included student characteristics (such as motivation and critical thinking skills), facilitator quality, environmental support (including educational facilities, technology, and policies), and subject matter characteristics. Through a literature analysis and case studies in several educational institutions, this study found that the effectiveness of PBL is highly dependent on the interaction between these factors. The characteristics of active and independent students, well-trained facilitators, and adequate environmental support can promote the achievement of better learning outcomes. Meanwhile, subject matter that is relevant and in accordance with the needs of students also plays a big role in the success of the implementation of PBL. This study provides recommendations for educators and policymakers to consider these factors in designing and implementing PBL in the educational environment.
 

This research examines Technology as a Human Activity in the Modern Era of Community Life, technology is something that we cannot avoid in the current era of modernization, all human activities using technology have progressed very rapidly. By using this sophisticated technology, humans in the modern era can make it easier to do work. At first technology developed gradually along with the progress of culture and civilization. Because technology is a rapidly advancing cultural development, humans develop technology more quickly. Because technology provides structure for human activity, it can be said that technology does not simply assist human activity, but also reshapes it, creating new activities that define the self, community, and good. Moral-ethical decisions, social relationships, space, time, perception, and self-concept. Transformation through technological advances For example, when complex new instruments or techniques are used in medical practice, it not only changes what doctors do but also how people think about health, disease, and medical care. Social and moral life is influenced by the technological devices we appraise. They enhance human worldviews, social practices, organizations, values, and lifestyles. Nowadays, it is difficult to be truly active in making technological decisions while technological devices are most often imposed on us, forcing many things on us. Apart from having a positive impact, the development of this technology also has a negative impact which can hinder direct interaction between people, where people already have a lot of indirect interaction, everyone is already dependent on technology, especially smartphones and social media, all activities already involves social media, be it news, business, learning and others.

The aim of the research is to improve the speaking skills of children aged 5 - 6 years using hand puppets at Handayani Caringin Bogor Early Childhood Education. The research was conducted as classroom action research with two cycles on 19 children. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative by comparing data obtained from initial conditions, cycle I and cycle II with four stages, namely planning action, implementing action, carrying out observation, and reflection. Based on the results of the known data analysis, after the process of using hand puppet media, the child's speaking skills before using hand puppet media received a score of 52.63% with poor criteria and in the first cycle of action, they scored 63.16% with good criteria. In cycle II, the average child's speaking skills after using hand puppets increased by 84.21%.