The purpose of this study is to describe what Special Strategies are carried out by teachers in developing the independence of early childhood in group A at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa. And what factors influence the independence of early childhood in group A aged 4-5 years at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative using observation, interview and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses the concept of Miles and Hubermen, with the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the specific strategies given by teachers in developing the independence of early childhood in group A at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa are 1) Teachers encourage children to carry out their daily activities independently without the help of others, 2) Provide opportunities for children to make their own decisions, 3) provide opportunities for children to play without being accompanied, 4) Give children the opportunity to do something themselves even though they often make mistakes 5) Encourage children to express their feelings and ideas, and 6) Train children to socialize and adapt so that children can learn to face complex social problems. Factors that can influence the independence of early childhood in Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa are parenting factors and environmental factors.

Stunting and undernutrition remain serious public health issues among under-five children, particularly in developing countries. Community-based nutrition interventions are considered effective in integrating both specific and sensitive approaches to address these challenges. This study aims to review the effectiveness of various community-based nutrition interventions in preventing stunting and undernutrition among under-five children. A narrative review approach was employed to analyze six peer-reviewed articles published in the last five years (2021–2025), selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords and inclusion criteria. The findings demonstrate that community-based nutrition interventions positively impact stunting reduction and improve child nutritional status. The most effective interventions included family-based nutrition education, growth monitoring, supplementary feeding, lipid-based nutrient supplementation, and innovative programs such as child-owned poultry. Active community participation, engagement of health cadres, and multi-sectoral collaboration were critical to the success of the programs. Community-based nutrition interventions are effective strategies to improve child nutrition and prevent stunting, particularly when implemented participatively and sustainably. These findings provide a basis for community nursing practices and the formulation of contextually appropriate and impactful nutrition policies.

This research aims to examine the influence of profitability, liquidity and operating leverage on capital structure. The population in this research is Construction Sub-Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2023 period. The sample of companies that meet the purposive sampling criteria is 16 companies. The research data that can be processed is 96 data. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis. The research results show that profitability and liquidity have a significant negative effect on capital structure. Meanwhile, operating leverage has a significant positive effect on capital structure.

With PKM, this is a place to utilize existing knowledge. various innovation and creativity efforts as well as the thoughts of the lecturers can make the local community more creative too. As well as how halal certification is carried out and there are several issues that need more attention, including:1.  Lack of community skills in creativity,2.  Lack of public awareness of the importance of innovation in maintaining economy, 3.. Lack of knowledge regarding how to carry out appropriate innovation with the surrounding economic conditions, as well as the problem of understanding halal certification

Galah shrimp is one type of freshwater shrimp that has great potential for cultivation. One of the obstacles to the growth of king prawns is water quality. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the installation of Vegetable Floating Raft (VFR) on the growth of king prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). This study was conducted using the t-test method, with control and Vegetable Floating Raft treatments. The results showed that the growth pattern of weight and length of king prawns in each treatment was relatively the same. However, the daily weight growth rate of king prawns in the control treatment was greater at 3.36%, compared to the treatment of Vegetable floating raft at 1.26%, while the daily length growth rate of king prawns in the control treatment was 0.86%. The daily length growth rate in the Vegetable floating raft treatment was smaller at 0.61%. During the study the value of the degree of survival of the control treatment was 95%, while in the treatment of Vegetable floating raft the percentage of the degree of survival of king prawns was 62%. Based on the results of visual observations seen the rest of the feed and the rest of the skin during molting. It is suspected that shrimp are stressed due to changes in water quality characterized by increased ammonia levels in the last maintenance week caused by the death of kale plants in the maintenance medium.