The legal mechanism of bankruptcy relies on the concept of debt, because the absence of debt undermines the fundamental purpose of bankruptcy as a legal institution to liquidate the debtor's assets to satisfy creditors' claims. Debt is the main criterion that must be met in order to be able to apply for bankruptcy, along with additional provisions such as having two or more creditors, as stipulated in Article 2, paragraph (1) of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (Bankruptcy Law). Notaries who have completed the bankruptcy process and are undergoing rehabilitation to improve their good name cannot re-apply to become Notaries. Here, the Notary will lose his/her right to work to carry out his/her position simply because the Notary has or has been sentenced to bankruptcy by the court. This bankruptcy is simply the notary's inability to pay the debt owed to the creditor, not a criminal act. If associated with the provisions contained in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Article 28 letter d concerning Human Rights which explains that everyone has the right to work and receive fair and proper compensation and treatment in employment relations, the efforts made in this problem are handled in accordance with the law and will be a substantial obligation for the curator. Based on Article 1 number 5 (Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations), it states that a curator is an individual or an estate office appointed by the court to resolve and manage all problems of the bankrupt debtor's assets under the supervision of a supervising judge based on applicable laws. The citation of the law shows the clear jurisdiction of the curator over the debtor's property and assets.

The purpose of this community service activity is to enhance the English vocabulary mastery of students in class IX.A at MTs Terpadu Berkah Palangka Raya through the implementation of the "I See the Light" song-based learning method. The learning process was carried out in three stages: first, students listened to the song without the translation; second, students listened to the same song with lyrics and translation; and third, students participated in a vocabulary quiz to assess their understanding of the new vocabulary they had learned. Observations during the activity showed that students were more actively engaged and enthusiastic in the learning process and discussions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that using songs as a learning medium has a positive impact on improving students' English vocabulary mastery in a fun and interactive way. However, there were some challenges related to the unclear volume of the song and the instability of the power supply. Therefore, the recommendation for future research is to ensure clear audio and stable power supply to support the effective implementation of the activities.

This community service activity aims to increase the understanding of class VIII students at MTs Hidayatul Insan, Palangka Raya, regarding the basic material of Morphology in teaching English as a Foreign Language (ELT) through song media. The mentoring method involves presenting basic Morphology material through song lyrics that are relevant to the concept being taught. The results of the service showed a significant increase in students' understanding of the material, as well as a positive response to the use of songs as a learning medium. Keywords: Community service, Morphology, English as a Foreign Language (ELT), mentoring, song media.

The Independent curriculum is a new curriculum used in Indonesia and a transitional curriculum from K-13 curriculum. Therefore, this study aims to examine how the role of a teacher in implementing the new curriculum in the class they teach, especially English teachers. This study used library research methods, the data were taken from several articles and similar research. The source of data came from Google Scholar by using keywords the role of the teacher in the independent curriculum and the application of the independent curriculum in English classes. The results of this study indicate that English teachers are people who play an important role in implementing the independent curriculum. The English teacher in this curriculum acts as a giver of understanding, and has influence to improve the quality of education as well as an adapter that aligns the curriculum with the characteristics and needs of students. English teachers can implement an independent curriculum by changing teaching methods, using new strategies to improve learning outcomes. For curriculum implementation there are several strategies that English teachers can use such as games, music, using interactive learning media when teaching, then you can also use Role-play, Information-gap activities, Jigsaw activities, open-ended discussions and debates.

Kegiatan usaha Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) acapkali menguasai essential facilities sehingga menimbulkan penguasaan pasar. Dalam perkara-perkara penguasaan pasar, studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam dua kasus dengan objek yang sama, Majelis Komisi memiliki pertimbangan dan putusan yang berbeda. Dalam suatu putusan, Majelis Komisi tidak membenarkan penguasaan pasar secara monopolistis oleh BUMN atas dasar Essential Facilities Doctrine (EFD), namun dalam putusan lain Majelis Komisi terlihat membenarkan penguasaan pasar secara monopolistis oleh BUMN atas dasar Pasal 33 UUD NRI 1945 sehingga ini dikategorikan sebagai monopoly by law. Artikel ini hendak mempertahankan argumen bahwa EFD sepatutnya dipertimbangkan Majelis Komisi pada setiap perkara penguasaan pasar oleh BUMN yang menguasai essential facilities, dalam hal ini, aspek penguasaan pasar oleh BUMN dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya masih jarang dianalisis berdasarkan doktrin persaingan usaha tentang essential facilities. Studi ini berfokus pada pertanyaan bagaimana penguasaan pasar oleh BUMN berdasarkan EFD? Dengan metode penelitian normatif, studi ini menemukan bahwa berdasarkan EFD, setiap perusahaan yang memiliki kontrol atas suatu essential facility termasuk BUMN berkewajiban untuk menyediakan akses pada kompetitor dengan persyaratan wajar.