This study discusses the comparison of criminal law related to sexual violence in Indonesia and Singapore, focusing on the legal framework, definition and types of sexual violence, law enforcement process, and sanctions and punishments. In Indonesia, criminal law on sexual violence is regulated through Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS) and the Criminal Code (KUHP), which covers various forms of sexual violence. Singapore uses the Penal Code and the Women's Charter as the legal basis, with additional protection for children through the Children and Young Persons Act (CYPA). This study found that Indonesia has a broader and more comprehensive definition of sexual violence than Singapore, which tends to be more specific. The law enforcement process in both countries involves reporting, investigation by the police, and the courts, but Singapore has a special unit that handles sexual crimes with a more focused focus. Sanctions and punishments in Singapore tend to be heavier, including caning, while in Indonesia, punishments vary depending on the type of sexual violence. The research method applied in this study is the normative legal method, which focuses on the analysis of laws and regulations, legal documents, and legal concepts relevant to a legal problem. The approach used is a conceptual approach, which prioritizes analysis from a problem-solving perspective. This approach involves understanding the legal concepts that underlie or form the background of the problem, as well as considering the values ??contained in the normative of a regulation related to these concepts.

This research uses a normative juridical method by comparing criminal law arrangements related to corruption crimes enacted in two countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia. This is motivated by the issue of corruption in both countries which is still a big problem, even though in terms of the Corruption Achievement Index (CPI), Malaysia is much better than Indonesia. From the results of the research, it is found that there are similarities and differences in the arrangements related to corruption crimes in the two countries. The similarities in both Indonesia and Malaysia are the implementation of the reverse proof system and the establishment of a special institution to eradicate corruption. While the difference is that Indonesia has more legal regulations, the existence of special courts for corruption crimes and the best evidentiary system is applied generally to every form of corruption crime. Meanwhile, Malaysia only has one legal regulation, does not have a special court for corruption and the reverse proof system applied is only limited to bribery cases. From these differences, it can be seen that in terms of the legal system and handling of corruption crimes, Indonesia is better than Malaysia.