Philosophy has long been an integral part in shaping human thought patterns and behavior. However, in the context of everyday life, the influence of philosophical schools is often hidden in the moral, social and individual decisions we make. This research aims to analyze how various philosophical schools, such as rationalism, empiricism, existentialism, pragmatism, analytical philosophy, and moral philosophy, influence everyday life through a systematic literature review. By collecting and analyzing scientific articles, books and related research, this research assesses the practical application of philosophical principles in aspects of human life, from individual ethics to social and political impacts. The findings of this study show that philosophical schools contribute significantly to the formation of views of life, ethical decision making, and social relationships. However, its implementation often faces challenges in the complex context of modern life. This research suggests the importance of understanding philosophy in improving the quality of personal and societal life. Apart from that, this study also opens up space for further research regarding the role of philosophy in the context of technology and globalization

This study examines the effect of leverage on the profitability of PT Pabrik Kertas Tjiwi Kimia Tbk during the 2020–2024 period. Using a causal research method with secondary data obtained from financial reports published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), the study analyzes the relationship between Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) as the leverage indicator and Return on Assets (ROA) as the profitability indicator. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between leverage and profitability. Increased DER is associated with a decrease in ROA, suggesting that excessive debt reduces financial performance due to higher interest costs and financial risks. This study contributes to the understanding of leverage's impact on profitability in the manufacturing sector, offering valuable insights for corporate management, investors, and academics. Recommendations include enhancing operational efficiency and optimizing debt management strategies to improve long-term profitability

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in economic growth, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). One of the main factors for entrepreneurial success is the effective implementation of the marketing mix. This paper discusses the concept of the marketing mix in entrepreneurship by highlighting the 4P elements (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) which have evolved into 7P with the addition of People, Process, and Physical Evidence. The discussion includes the implementation of the marketing mix, strategies for facing business challenges, and its impact on competitiveness and business growth. This study highlights how entrepreneurs can optimize marketing elements through product innovation, value-based pricing strategies, the use of digitalization in distribution, as well as social media-based promotion and marketing technology. Additionally, this paper reviews various challenges in the implementation of the marketing mix, such as limited capital, intense competition, and changes in consumer behavior, as well as adaptation strategies through guerrilla marketing, strategic partnerships, and data-driven approaches. The findings in this study indicate that the application of a flexible and innovative marketing mix can enhance business competitiveness and sustainability. By understanding the relationship between the marketing mix and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs can develop more effective marketing strategies to face the ever-evolving market dynamics.