The plan for the construction of the Kra Canal has emerged since 1977, initiated by King Narai. The Kra Canal will connect the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, making it an alternative to the congested and vulnerable Strait of Malacca. Despite its great potential and benefits and having been planned for a long time, the canal has yet to be built. This paper aims to discuss the reasons behind the difficulties in constructing the Kra Canal. The method used in this paper is qualitative descriptive by conducting library research. The theories applied are Security Dilemma and Maritime Diplomacy. The data used are secondary data sourced from books, journals, credible official news, and relevant trustworthy websites. The findings indicate that there are complex geopolitical and economic aspects. Major challenges include high costs, risks of damage, environmental concerns, and Thailand’s unstable internal political situation. The presence of the Kra Canal has the potential to complicate the security situation in the Southeast Asian region with the involvement of major powers such as China, India, and the United States.

Land privatization, especially on Indonesia's small islands, has sparked conflict between local communities and private companies, who often fight over land that residents previously used to earn a living. This practice not only damages the environment but also threatens the socio-cultural values ??of the community, because their access to natural resources and markets is limited. Land privatization has become a rampant problem in Indonesia. This journal focuses on land privatization on Kapoposang Island. The aim of this research is to identify the impact of land privatization on the people of Kapoposang Island and maritime diplomacy efforts on this issue. This journal uses two theories, namely the theory of land privatization and also the theory of maritime diplomacy. The method used is the interview method. The author analyzes various news sources and checks them with interview results obtained from the field. The results of the analysis show that the people of Kapoposang Island are affected by impacts such as slow economic growth and its correlation with social inequality among the community. The government's maritime diplomacy efforts are not running smoothly because the security sector which is supposed to be guarded by the government is not running in line with the public's expectations. This privatization of land can also have an impact on the economic sector, especially, the economic growth of local communities which can be hampered due to land acquisition and imbalance in market competition.

This article examines the management of marine tourism in Lanjukang Island, a tourist destination located in the Spermonde Islands, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, with a focus on the role of maritime diplomacy in increasing tourism potential while preserving marine resources. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study methods and interviews with relevant parties, such as local governments and local communities. Lanjukang Island, with its beautiful underwater nature and beaches, faces challenges in the form of coral reef damage due to destructive fishing practices and coastal abrasion processes. Nevertheless, Lanjukang Island remains an attractive tourist destination for domestic and foreign tourists. The Makassar City Government plays an active role in promoting marine tourism through international collaboration, one of which is through the Makassar International Eight Festival and Forum (F8) event. Maritime diplomacy, which emphasizes international cooperation in marine resource management and tourism, plays a key role in facilitating sustainable tourism development on Lanjukang Island. The research found that while there is great potential in the marine tourism sector, more integrated and sustainable management is needed to support the local economy and the preservation of the marine environment. Collaboration between government, community and international partners is essential to achieve a balance between tourism development and nature conservation.

International conflicts significantly impact maritime tourism development in Southeast Asia, a region rich in natural marine beauty and essential to the regional economy. Destructive international disputes, including geopolitical tensions and naval security threats, can significantly disrupt the regional stability on which tourism is built. Although maritime tourism in Southeast Asia continues to show post-pandemic growth, conflict risk remains a significant challenge that could affect traveler confidence and hinder the sector's contribution to regional GDP. The impact of international conflicts on the development of maritime tourism in Southeast Asia is analyzed in this research using a qualitative approach and literature study method. Journals, articles, and reports were reviewed to understand how geopolitical tensions and maritime security threats affect the tourism sector. The study utilizes conflict theory to explain the dynamics of conflict escalation and the application of resolution efforts in this context. Therefore, the potential disruption of maritime tourism development by ongoing conflicts in the Southeast Asian region is highlighted. The sustainability of the industry relies on security stability, and regional cooperation is crucial in mitigating the negative impact of conflict on the economic sector.

The export of marine sand from Indonesia to Singapore has been a controversial issue for decades, involving economic, environmental, and political interests. This study examines Indonesia's marine sand export policy, especially after the issuance of Government Regulation Number 26 of 2023, which reopened export permits after more than 20 years of prohibition. This policy aims to manage marine sedimentation to prevent disruption to ecosystems and shipping and meet domestic reclamation needs. However, there are many pros and cons that arise. On the one hand, this policy is expected to increase state revenue and open up employment opportunities. On the other hand , sea sand mining activities can cause serious environmental damage. This study uses qualitative methods with literature analysis to understand the impact of the policy. The results show that this policy provides more short-term benefits to the government and business actors, but poses long-term threats to the environment and society. Unsupervised marine sand mining has the potential to damage marine ecosystems, reduce fishermen's productivity, and threaten the sustainability of Indonesia's coastal areas. Therefore, more effective supervision and implementation of policies regarding this activity is needed.

Southeast Asia, as a strategic region connecting two of the world's major oceans, faces a range of maritime security challenges, both traditional, such as territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and non-traditional, such as piracy, human trafficking, and illegal fishing. This article discusses maritime security strategies in the region, with a primary focus on maritime diplomacy cooperation under the ASEAN framework. Using maritime security theory, maritime diplomacy, and a literature analysis, the article examines the effectiveness of ASEAN's regional cooperation in addressing the complexities of maritime threats in Southeast Asia. The study's findings indicate that although challenges such as strong nationalism and geopolitical disputes still hinder collaboration, ASEAN has made progress in building more structured cooperation mechanisms. The article emphasizes that strengthening maritime diplomacy between countries, as well as with global actors, is an effective step to ensure stability, security, and sustainability in Southeast Asia's maritime domain.

This paper explores the difficulties of unblocking the operations of Black Sea ports that remain under Ukrainian control, as well as the geopolitical dynamics between Russia and Ukraine in the area. There are two primary obstacles: first, Ukraine must preserve its coastal defense capabilities against the threat of Russian invasion without undermining the security of its land; second, it is crucial to ensure that Russia adheres to the regulations that safeguard freedom of navigation in the Black Sea. Since Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia's influence in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea has expanded, jeopardizing the security interests of Ukraine as well as Western partners, such as the US and NATO. The analysis suggests measures that NATO and other allies can implement to enhance maritime security in the region, including bolstering Ukraine's navy and augmenting NATO's presence in the Black Sea. This dispute not only impacts relations between Ukraine and Russia, but also influences regional political and security stability in Southeastern Europe as well as broader international diplomacy.

The Horn of Africa waters are the busiest trade routes and are often passed by thousands of merchant ships worldwide. Merchant ships must overcome the threat of Piracy in the Horn of Africa waters, and the danger comes from Somalia, the center of pirate operations. This article discusses how international law, more precisely the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), reduces acts of ship piracy in the Horn of Africa waters, either in the form of court sentences or by sending patrol teams and forming military operations under the auspices of the U.N. or operating under UNCLOS law to combat Piracy. Piracy or ship hijacking is a universal problem that the international community must consider because the impacts it causes, of course, have a global impact and disrupt the stability of the world economy of international trade, that is why  must be eliminated from their roots, namely the failed Somali government. The novelty in this study is the need for more literature discussing the role of international law in reducing acts of ship piracy in the Horn of Africa waters.