This research aims to explore the ways in which teachers address the challenges of learning mathematics for children in primary schools by referring to behavioristic theory. This theory emphasizes the central role of stimuli and reactions in influencing learning behavior, and the application of both positive and negative reinforcement to improve students' motivation and understanding. The approach adopted was a descriptive qualitative method using case studies in various primary schools. The results indicated that behavior-focused methods, such as providing repeated practice of problems, immediate feedback, use of concrete tools, and regular application of rewards and punishments, can improve students' enthusiasm and mathematics learning outcomes. However, teacher-driven learning and lack of innovation are barriers to implementation. Therefore, a combination with other methods is needed to make the learning process more thorough.

To find out  the beef cattle business in Perbaungan sub-district is potentially profitable from a financial, social and environmental perspective. Primary data were collected through interviews with farmers and secondary data from relevant agencies. Descriptive-analytical method was used. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used to assess business feasibility. The results showed that the beef cattle business is financially viable with a BCR value of 1.35, NPV of 25,000,000, and IRR of 18 per cent. In addition, the business has a positive impact on income generation, job creation, and farmer welfare. But there are some problems, such as changes in feed prices and cattle waste management. Even if feed prices and cattle selling prices change significantly, the business is still viable, according to the sensitivity analysis. To make the business more sustainable, the government should help through training programmes, feed subsidies and access to finance. Beef cattle enterprises have great potential to grow and have a positive impact on both the environment and the community if managed properly.

Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax is one of the main sources of State revenue for development financing. In the implementation of PBB-P2 collection, there are still many people who are not aware of the rights and obligations in paying taxes, this is due to the fact that there is still very low public awareness and knowledge in paying taxes. Public awareness as taxpayers in paying taxes will increase if there is an understanding of taxes in society. This research is an empirical legal research where data is obtained directly from the research location. Two types and sources of data are used, namely: primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique uses interview guidelines and literature/journal studies. The results of this study show that: (1). Taxpayer income in Fatululi Village is still very low in taxpayer awareness, economic conditions and the influence of Covid-19. (2). The government's countermeasures are still lacking in socialization or counseling to the taxpayer community. Suggestions need to be further increased socialization or counseling to the public about understanding paying PBB and need to be emphasized the existing tax sanctions.

This research aims to improve reading literacy among children in Bipak Kali Village through collaboration between KKN students and Karang Taruna. This program focuses on increasing reading interest, reading ability, and access to literacy resources. A mixed-method approach was used in this study, which involved surveys, interviews, participatory observations, and group discussions. The work program carried out includes literacy socialization, the formation of study groups, and other supporting activities. The evaluation was carried out to measure the effectiveness and impact of the program.  The results of the study showed a significant increase in reading interest, reading ability, and access to literacy resources among children in Bipak Kali Village. Community participation has also increased, and the program has received support from various parties, including the Youth Organization, the village government, and community leaders. Program evaluations identify several challenges and provide recommendations for the development of more effective and sustainable literacy programs.