Industrial relations cases can give rise to conflicts between workers and employers which can be detrimental to the industry and society as a whole. In an effort to resolve industrial relations cases, the Surabaya City Manpower Office has an important role in facilitating mediation between the two parties. This research is a type of empirical juridical legal research using primary legal sources, namely obtained using direct interview techniques with the City Manpower Office, and referring to Law no. 2 of 2004 and Law no. 13 of 2003 as well as secondary legal sources obtained using library study techniques (library research) by collecting sources in the form of journal articles, books and related policy documents. The research results show that the Surabaya City Manpower Office has an important role in resolving industrial relations cases through mediation, such as gathering information, facilitating meetings between the two parties, providing suggestions and recommendations, and providing education to workers and entrepreneurs regarding their rights and obligations. However, the effectiveness of the Manpower Office's role still needs to be improved through increasing the competence of Manpower Office officers in conducting mediation, as well as strengthening coordination between the Manpower Office and various related parties in resolving industrial relations cases. This research provides an overview of the role of the Surabaya City Manpower Office in resolving industrial relations cases through mediation and can be a basis for developing further research in the future.

This research aims to find out what factors cause women to become victims of abuse in dating relationships in Gorontalo City and how legal protection is for women as victims of abuse in dating relationships at the Gorontalo City Police Department. This research uses empirical legal research methods which are carried out by collecting data through observation and interviews. The results of this research show that abuse in dating relationships in Gorontalo City is a very worrying phenomenon and can have a negative impact on victims and society as a whole. Abuse in dating relationships in Gorontalo City involves various factors, both internal factors such as a high level of emotional dependence, low levels of victim self-confidence, and the victim's tendency to justify aggressive behavior from their partners, while external factors occur due to the influence of the social environment. , norms and culture, the influence of the environment where violence occurs, and position and power. The suggestion in this research is that the Government, especially the Regional Office of the National Land Agency in Gorontalo Regency, continues to strive to carry out more outreach to the people of Hutuo Subdistrict to carry out land registration so that they can have a certificate to obtain legal certainty. The legal protection provided by the Gorontalo City Police for victims of abuse in dating relationships is carried out by providing priority and quick responses to reports of abuse, collecting supporting evidence by conducting investigations into cases of abuse in dating relationships, such as witness statements, and physical evidence. The Gorontalo City Police also provides physical protection such as giving a detention order against the perpetrator and providing a safe space for the victim and maintaining the confidentiality of the victim's personal information to prevent further threats from the perpetrator.
 
 

A person or legal entity that acquires rights to land must register their land ownership. However, land ownership can also lead to disputes, such as the dispute over former eigendom verponding land numbers 3740, 3741, and 3742 in Dago Elos. The Defendants have occupied the land for years without issues, and some have certificates of land ownership or building rights. In the verdict of Judicial Review Case Number 109 PK/Pdt/2022, the Defendants' actions in occupying the disputed land were deemed illegal. Therefore, the author is interested in analyzing whether the Defendants' actions meet the elements of illegal actions according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code and related regulations, and to what extent the Defendants are protected by the verdict. The research was conducted using a normative juridical method, with literature review generating descriptive notes and data, and utilizing a statutory approach. The results show that the Defendants' actions in occupying the disputed land do not constitute illegal actions under Article 1365 of the Civil Code due to the lack of elements. No legal protection can be provided because the verdict is final. The judge did not provide legal reasoning based on the juridical alignment between legal facts, evidence, and the legal basis of statutory regulations.