Incest is a sexual relationship carried out by two people who are still related by blood or marriage. Incest is described as an incident of sexual intercourse; between individuals who are related by blood, but the term was eventually used more broadly, namely to describe the sexual relationship between father and child, between siblings. Incest is a forbidden act in almost every cultural environment. The main problems in this thesis are: (1) What is the resolution process in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) in Ulu Belu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency? (2) What are the obstacles faced in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) in Ulu Belu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency? This research is empirical normative research, so the data sources used are primary data sources, secondary data and tertiary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews, secondary data was obtained from libraries, journals and the internet, and tertiary data was obtained from dictionaries, Wikipedia and encyclopedias. Data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The results of this research show that (1) The process of resolving cases of granting customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) was carried out in a non-litigation manner which was accommodated and chaired directly by Mosa and the traditional leader in Ulu Belu village in accordance with the customary rules. applies. (2) the obstacles faced in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) are external obstacles and internal obstacles.

The world has entered the era of modernization and affects increasingly sophisticated technology and information, but this has resulted in many individuals who abuse the internet as a means of committing crimes, one of which often occurs is cyberbullying  or (cyberbullying). The crime of cyberbullying  has been regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning the ITE Law and the Criminal Code (KUHP) which is elaborated to become the basis for authorized law enforcement in enforcement efforts. This research is an empirical juridic research. The location of the research in the East Nusa Tenggara regional police area, the data collection method is by interviews, documentation studies and observations. The collected data is then analyzed and then presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the research on law enforcement through 2 stages, among others, preventive efforts and repressive efforts, then inhibiting factors in law enforcement, among others, limited budget and tools for investigation and investigation so that it is difficult to find evidence if the perpetrator uses a fake account without personal data or phone number, besides that Article 74 of the Criminal Code has regulated the expiration of the complaint offense so that the victim must immediately report the crime he has experienced. As for the suggestion, it is hoped that the consistent active role of law enforcers to socialize rules and ethics in the use of social media and maximize law enforcement efforts for perpetrators of criminal acts to the court stage. The government can make a special formula related to the expiration of complaints for cyberbullying  cases in the ITE Law. It is hoped that the public will have a high legal awareness in the use of social media so as to prevent criminal acts committed through cyberspace.
 
 

Traffic accidents resulting in fatalities in Kupang City based on BPS Kupang City data series have increased in the period 2020-2022. In general, traffic regulations are regulated by Law No. 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. Victims who die due to road accidents have rights that must be fulfilled and passed on to their heirs. For this reason, legal protection of the rights of victims who die as a result of traffic accidents is necessary. This research uses empirical legal research, namely legal research that functions to examine how the law works in a community environment, in this case conducted at the Kupang District Court Class 1. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation and documentation and then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that: (1) The fulfillment of the rights of victims of death in cases of traffic accidents in Kupang City, is in accordance with applicable laws and regulations if through legal channels, while in practice are used more family channels, so that the rights of victims are neglected. (2) The ideal form of legal protection for victims of death in cases of traffic accidents in Kupang City is repressive, namely: a) criminal sanctions, b) compensation, and c) government compensation.

The judge's decision is a vital aspect needed to resolve criminal cases. The judge's authority and power are so great in deciding cases that result in disparities in verdicts in cases where the weight of the crime is the same, namely cases of sexual violence against children. This research is an empirical juridical research, so the data sources used are primary data sources, secondary data sources and tertiary data sources. Primary data sources are obtained through the results of research in the field, secondary data is obtained through literature, laws, and other literature, and tertiary data is obtained through dictionaries, mass media, and the internet. The data were analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The results of the study show that: (1) the factors that cause the disparity in punishment for perpetrators of sexual violence are internal factors and external factors of judges. (2) efforts to overcome disparities in the verdicts of sexual violence crimes which include repressive efforts and preventive efforts.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the juridical review of the use of mobile phones while driving by motor vehicle drivers who endanger other road users in Kupang City. This research is an empirical juridical research in which this research is carried out in the Kupang City Resort Police Law Wilaya. This research uses interview guidelines for thirty-four sources. The results showed that law enforcement against motor vehicle drivers who use cellphones while driving. The inhibiting factors for the police in law enforcement against motor vehicle drivers who use cellphones while driving in Kupang City are internal and external factors. The efforts of the police in tackling cases of motorized vehicle drivers who use cellphones while driving in Kupang City are by strict enforcement, personal approach and conducting evaluations.

study aims to find out and analyze the factors that cause legal aid institutions to not be verified as legal aid institutions to the poor and the obstacles faced by legal aid institutions in providing non-litigation legal aid in the form of legal counseling to the poor obtained through interviews and observations and empirical juridical, namely those obtained through interviews and literature research. The results of the study show: (1) the factors that cause legal aid institutions to not be verified as legal aid institutions to the poor include: legal factors, law enforcement officials, infrastructure factors, community factors and cultural factors (2) obstacles faced by legal aid institutions in providing non-litigation legal assistance in the form of legal counseling to the poor, which include: internal factors and external factors.

Sexual violence is an incident that cannot be separated from women and children. The rise in incidents of sexual violence against women and children in the city of Kupang is a fluctuating phenomenon. The Kupang City Police PPA Unit noted that, in 2021 there were 42 cases of violence against women and children, in 2022 it decreased to 39 cases, and increased in 202 to 42 cases. This research aims to determine the factors that cause sexual violence against women and children, and determine the obstacles to solving criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Kupang City, as well as efforts to overcome them. This research uses empirical juridical methods, with the type of data used being primary data based on the results of interviews and documentation, as well as secondary data used to complement primary data. The results of this research show that (1) The factors causing sexual violence behavior are sexual desire, lack of sex education, social and environmental factors, and misuse of technology. (2) Obstacles experienced in resolving cases of sexual violence include insufficient evidence, individual factors, and the perpetrator running away. (3) The countermeasures that have been carried out are in the form of preemptive, preventive and repressive measures.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal impact and reasons for the community to maintain the Molas Kole tradition against women who commit adultery in West Manggarai Regency. The type of research used by researchers in conducting this research is empirical research translated by legal research complemented by empirical data. The results show that the legal impact of the Molas Kole Teradition is also very large. In addition to the impact on women on children, and the impact of this one customary law also has an impact on the family. The reason for the community to maintain this tradition is also irrelevant because when maintaining a customary crime which in its resolution has many losers, this custom can no longer be used as a way out in solving problems in society. The holding of this Customary Law Tradition is also contrary to church law, because many perpetrators of the Molas Kole tradition separate themselves from their husbands or wives and remarry without being known by the church, so that it will cause new problems that can ensnare the two perpetrators and even the family will also be involved.