This study aims to analyze the perception of sounds in Arabic language learning at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. Sound perception refers to students' ability to recognize and produce sounds in Arabic, which often differ from sounds in the Indonesian language. This research identifies phonological difficulties experienced by students, the factors influencing their sound perception, and the teaching methods employed to address these challenges. The research methodology used is qualitative with a case study approach, involving observations, interviews, and phonology tests with 30 students and several Arabic teachers at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. The results show that students face major difficulties in distinguishing and producing certain sounds, such as the letters " ? " (ain) and " ? " (qaf), which do not exist in Indonesian. Psychological factors, such as lack of self-confidence, as well as teaching methods that lack structure in phonological instruction, exacerbate the difficulties students face. This study recommends giving more attention to phonological teaching, utilizing technology, and implementing blended learning methods to enhance students' sound perception in Arabic.