The North Natuna Sea is an area of strategic importance to Indonesia, both in terms of national security and economy. Legally, this area is part of Indonesia’s Exclusive Zone (EEZ), but China’s unilateral claim to most of this area through the nine-dash line has created tension in the region. Indonesia faces a major challenge to safeguard the sovereignity of this region by using various strategies, one of which is defense diplomacy. This article aims to explore how Indonesia utilizes defense diplomacy in maintaining stability in the Natuna Sea, as well as to analyze the challenges faced and the effectiveness of this approach. The results show that Indonesia’s defense diplomacy can maintain stability, but is still plagued by a number of challenges, including limited resources and the influence of major powers such as China.

Inequality in wealth distribution is a serious problem in the modern economic system. The gap between high and low income groups continues to widen, triggering various social problems. In the perspective of Islamic economics, zakat, infaq and waqf are present as instruments that not only have worship values, but also significant social and economic functions. This study aims to analyze the contribution of these three instruments in reducing the inequality of wealth distribution in society. Through descriptive qualitative approach and literature study, this research examines various literatures and secondary data obtained from zakat, infaq, and waqf management institutions in Indonesia. The results show that zakat, infaq, and waqf are able to act as effective wealth redistribution tools, improve the welfare of vulnerable groups, and strengthen social cohesion. These three instruments are proven to be a systemic solution in creating a more equitable economic balance. Therefore, accountable, professional, and trustworthy management is needed so that the socio-economic potential of zakat, infaq, and waqf can be optimized in supporting the creation of social justice according to Islamic teachings.

This study discusses how corporate governance (Good Corporate Governance/GCG) plays a role in reducing and controlling financial risk in an organization. Financial risk is an inseparable aspect of business activities, especially when companies face unstable and challenging market conditions. Therefore, a governance system is needed that can help companies recognize potential risks early on, as well as set appropriate handling strategies to minimize their impact on business continuity. The method used in this study is a literature study, namely by collecting secondary data from scientific journals and trusted articles that are relevant to the topic. The discussion includes theoretical foundations related to GCG principles, corporate governance structures, and financial risk mitigation steps. In addition, the role of the government in providing regulatory support is also discussed as part of the external factors that affect the effectiveness of corporate governance. From the results of the analysis, it is known that the application of GCG principles such as transparency, accountability, and responsibility has a major influence on the company's resilience in facing financial risks. A clear organizational structure and strong supervision allow companies to manage risks systematically. In other words, GCG makes a real contribution to strengthening a sustainable and adaptive risk management system to changes in the business environment.

The research for this thesis takes the title: "Measurement of Service Quality at PT. Karya Mandiri Sepakat Surabaya Using the SERVQUAL Method”. The aim of conducting this research is to determine the quality of service provided at PT. Karya Mandiri agrees to all customers in terms of 5 service dimensions and to determine the efforts made to improve the quality of PT service. Karya Mandiri Agreed to retain customers. The analytical tool used in this research is the SERVQUAL method. From the research results, it is known that the gaps for the Physical Facilities dimension have the smallest gap value, namely - 0.80 in the third item, namely for the question employees must look attractive and neat, for the Reliability Dimension the smallest gap value is in the fifth item. amounting to - 1.78, namely for questions, a quality office will require the data to be free from errors, for the responsiveness dimension, the smallest gap value is in the thirteenth item, amounting to - 2.52, namely for questions, employees will provide service quickly to customers, for the dimension confidence has the smallest gap value in the sixth item of - 0.56, namely for the question Employees are consistently respectful, patient and friendly towards their customers, for the empathy dimension the smallest gap value is in the twenty second item of - 0.72 namely for questions, employees understand the special needs of each customer who comes.

The purpose of this research is to determine: (1) The partial influence of leadership style and work environment on employee performance at PT. Color Warni Investama with an Fcount value of 57.061 in Sig. (P) = 0.000.  or Fcount > Ftable (57.061 > 3.14); (2) To determine the influence of leadership style and work environment simultaneously on employee performance at PT. Colorful Investama; (3) The leadership style variable is the dominant variable that influences employee performance. The sample used in this research was 65 people. In this research, data analysis uses multiple linear regression statistics with the help of the SPSS program. The results of the research show that: (1) leadership style and work environment variables simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance, (2) leadership style and work environment variables partially have a significant effect on employee performance, (2) leadership style variables have a significant effect on employee performance with a tcount value of 6.346 in Sig. (P) = 0.001 or tcount > ttable (6.3469>1.998); (3) that work environment variables have a significant effect on employee performance; (4) The leadership style variable is the dominant variable that influences employee performance. This can be seen from the standard leadership style beta coefficient of 0.551 > the work environment beta coefficient of 0.374.

This research aims to examine what factors influence the level of customer loyalty of GeraiHALO Telkomsel Wonosobo, Central Java. The population in this study are customers who have subscribed or are currently subscribing to Telkomsel Kartu HALO, simPATI and AS product services, having subscribed for at least six months. Determining the sample in this research used the probability sampling method. This analysis uses the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method which is used to determine the level of importance and perception (expectations) of the Marketing Mix towards customer satisfaction implemented by the company. The results of the IPA analysis show that the dominant factors influencing customer loyalty are product quality, price, distribution variables. and promotion variables in this research are quite good in explaining customer perceptions. The author's advice to companies is that companies create products that are superior in quality, and always maintain product quality, namely by always innovating products that are tailored to customer desires for the product. Apart from that, companies must always pay attention to customer complaints by minimizing customer complaints.

This article investigates the relationship between sleep quality and the management of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. By analyzing data from patient surveys and health records, the study finds that poor sleep quality is associated with worsened disease management and higher healthcare utilization. The findings suggest that improving sleep quality should be an integral part of chronic illness management strategies to enhance patient outcomes.

This research aims to: (1) determine and analyze the simultaneous influence of competency and career development on employee performance at PT. , (3) To find out and analyze which variables have a dominant influence on employee performance at PT. In this research, the type of research uses a quantitative approach, the sample is 31 people, data collection uses questionnaires and data documentation. Meanwhile, the analysis uses descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis to determine the high or low levels of the observed variables with the help of data processing using the SPSS program and inferential analysis using multiple linearity regression statistics. The research results show that: (1) Competency and career development variables simultaneously influence employee performance, because the Fcount = 24.089 > Ftable = 3.34; (2) Competency variable value tcount= 2.683 > ttable = 2.048 in sig. =0.12. there is a significant influence between competency on employee performance, (3) Career development variable value t = 2.578 > ttable = 2.048 on sig. = 0.15, there is a significant influence between career development on employee performance, (4) the competency variable has a dominant influence on employee performance, because the standard value of the competency beta coefficient = 0.440 > the standard beta coefficient of career development = 0.422.