The emergence of various cases of radicalism in universities is the responsibility of all parties. Various cases that occur in universities show that campuses in Indonesia are very vulnerable to being compiled by radical ideas and terrorism movements, even considered to have no clear curriculum direction in preventing radicalism and terrorism. This study aims to analyze three important things in the issue of radicalism and terrorism in universities, especially at Semarang State University, namely, first how radicalism prevention policies in universities (study at UNNES); second, how to implement policies to prevent radicalism and terrorism at UNNES; and third, how UNNES campus efforts to overcome students or lecturers exposed to radicalism and terrorism. The method used in this study is a mixed method that combines normative juridical research with empirical data in the field. The projected results of this study are in the form of real data regarding the implementation of religious freedom regulations on the UNNES campus. The output of this research is in the form of articles published in accredited national journals.

Indonesia, as a legal state under Article 1(3) of the 1945 Constitution, aspires to achieve sovereignty, justice, and prosperity. Food sovereignty is essential to realizing these constitutional ideals. Law Number 41 of 2009 on the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (PLP2B) serves as a key legislative framework to safeguard agricultural land. However, its implementation faces significant challenges, including weak enforcement mechanisms, limited coordination among stakeholders, and insufficient public awareness. These obstacles hinder efforts to prevent land conversion and ensure sustainable food security. This research addresses the urgency of fulfilling the constitutional mandate outlined in the second and fourth paragraphs of the Constitution’s Preamble, emphasizing sustainable development and societal welfare. Through a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes the legal policy for protecting agricultural land from constitutional and criminal law perspectives, offering a novel critique of the existing framework. Findings indicate gaps in regulatory synchronization, the absence of effective criminal sanctions to deter violations, and weak institutional coordination. To address these issues, the study recommends strengthening legal provisions, imposing stricter sanctions for land conversion, and improving inter-agency collaboration to ensure effective land protection. This research contributes to the development of legal science by offering practical recommendations for enhancing sustainable land protection policies. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and law enforcement agencies, supporting efforts to achieve food sovereignty and improve community welfare in Indonesia.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology particularly in the forms of deepfakes and voice cloning has significantly impacted the lives of Indonesians. While AI offers various conveniences and innovations, it also poses serious threats, especially the misuse of digital identities for commercial purposes. This study aims to analyze the adequacy and effectiveness of Indonesia's criminal law, particularly the Indonesian Criminal Code and Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law), in addressing AI-based digital identity crimes. Using a normative juridical approach, this research finds that current legal frameworks do not specifically regulate AI-related offenses. As a result, perpetrators often exploit legal and technological loopholes to avoid prosecution. The consequences of these crimes are far-reaching, including financial losses, reputational damage, and psychological trauma for victims. The study recommends revising the ITE Law, strengthening personal data protection, forming an AI-based digital forensics task force, and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration to combat digital identity crimes without stifling technological innovation.