This study aims to analyze the effect of population on poverty with per capita income as a mediating variable in Aceh Province, a special autonomy region that still faces structural poverty challenges post-conflict and natural disasters. Using a quantitative approach with panel data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bank Indonesia, and the Financial Services Authority (OJK), this study analyzes the relationship between population growth, per capita income, and poverty percentage through path analysis with the Sobel test. The results show that population growth has a negative and significant effect on per capita income, as well as a positive impact on increasing poverty. Meanwhile, per capita income is shown to have a negative and significant effect on poverty, indicating that an increase in income can reduce the poverty rate. Mediation analysis reveals that per capita income acts as a significant intervening variable, proving that population growth not only affects poverty directly, but also indirectly through a decrease in per capita income. These findings highlight the importance of policies that control population growth while promoting economic growth based on income generation to reduce poverty in Aceh. The policy implications of this study emphasize the need for integrated development programs, improved access to education and health, and strengthening productive sectors to strengthen the economic resilience of the community.

This study focuses on the effectiveness of supervision and regulation conducted by Bank Indonesia (BI), the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and the Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS) in maintaining financial system stability in Indonesia. (LPS) in maintaining financial system stability in Indonesia. Through a qualitative qualitative approach with a literature review method, this research explores the role of each institution and identifies potential overlaps in each institution and identifies potential overlapping regulations that could affect national financial stability. can affect national financial stability. The results show that BI, through consolidated supervision and macroprudential policies, plays a significant role in maintaining monetary and financial stability. OJK, with its overarching mandate over the financial services sector, has implemented various regulations to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system. to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system. LPS contributes by guaranteeing customer deposits and handling failed banks, as well as coordinating with BI and OJK to maintain banking stability. with BI and OJK to maintain banking stability. To improve effectiveness, it is recommended to strengthen inter-agency coordination, regulatory harmonization, supervisory capacity, macroprudential policy, education and transparency, and international collaboration to maintain financial system stability, support sustainable economic growth, and improve public welfare.