In the digital era, technology plays an important role in designing learning that is more interactive, personalised and adaptive. This research examines the role of learning technology in learning design through a qualitative approach based on a literature review. The use of technology, such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI), shows potential to increase student engagement as well as provide a more flexible learning experience. Blended learning approaches are also proven to increase engagement and provide flexibility in the learning process. In addition, technology supports competency-based learning that enables real-time evaluation of student progress through learning analytics. However, there are challenges in implementing technology, such as the digital divide, teacher readiness, and infrastructure limitations. Therefore, the successful integration of technology in learning design requires support from educational institutions and policies to provide adequate training for teachers and appropriate technology infrastructure. This study concludes that technology integration in learning design provides significant benefits in improving learning quality, but still requires a systematic and adaptive approach.

Religion and culture are closely interconnected facets of human society that exert a profound influence on individuals' belief systems, moral principles, and actions. The discipline of religious and cultural education plays a pivotal role in advancing intercultural comprehension, cultivating societal unity, and creating a sense of global citizenship. This academic paper examines the dynamic relationship between religion and culture within educational environments, underscoring the significance of integrating religious and cultural literacy within formal educational institutions. This research is to present a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary status of education in religion and culture. To achieve this objective, a wide range of scholarly sources, including as academic journals, books, and educational reports, have been consulted. The primary focus of this study is to identify the existing obstacles in religion and culture education and propose recommendations for its successful implementation.