The development of information technology has brought about significant changes in the social, economic, and legal life of global society. On the one hand, digitalization creates efficiency and convenience in various activities, such as financial transactions, communications, and access to information. However, on the other hand, this progress has also given rise to a new form of crime known as cybercrime. Cybercrime differs from conventional crime in that it is committed through electronic systems that can cross national borders and involve a large number of victims. This crime encompasses various forms, such as data hacking, online fraud, and malware distribution. This research aims to examine the development of cybercrime as a form of modern crime in the digital era and to assess the response of Indonesian criminal law to these challenges. The method used is normative legal, with a statutory, conceptual, and case study approach. This research also examines existing regulations, such as Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, in addressing cybercrime issues. The research results show that although Indonesia has several regulations related to cybercrime, their implementation still faces various obstacles. Some of the main obstacles include suboptimal law enforcement, limited technology and human resources, and low levels of public digital awareness. Therefore, regulatory reform, institutional capacity development, and increasing public digital literacy are essential. This is part of a national strategy to address cybercrime comprehensively and sustainably, in order to create a safer and more trustworthy digital environment.

Cyber crime is increasingly prevalent with various modes, one of which is fraud under the guise of lottery prizes. This crime not only causes financial losses but also complicates law enforcement officials in terms of jurisdiction, especially if the perpetrators and victims are located in different regions, even across countries. This research aims to analyze how jurisdiction is enforced in dealing with cyber-based fraud crimes and examine the effectiveness of national legal instruments against the digital fraud mode. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with secondary data analyzed descriptively-analytically. The results show that jurisdictional enforcement in this case still faces technical and legal challenges, especially in the aspect of inter-state coordination and the limitations of domestic legal instruments in reaching cross-border perpetrators. Strengthening international cooperation and updating national regulations are needed to anticipate the dynamics of cybercrime.

The exploitation of street children is a complex social problem in Indonesia, especially in large cities. Children living on the streets are highly vulnerable to exploitation. Although the government has regulated child protection through Law No. 35 of 2014 as a revision of Law No. 23 of 2002, the implementation of these protections has not been optimal in practice. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Child Protection Law in addressing the exploitation of street children, identify obstacles in its implementation, and evaluate the suitability of legal norms with their practices. This study uses a normative legal method with a descriptive qualitative approach, based on an analysis of legal documents, scientific literature, and relevant data. The results of the study show that the implementation of child protection still faces many obstacles, such as a lack of supporting facilities, poor coordination between institutions, a lack of education for the community, and weak law enforcement. In addition, there is still a gap between ideal legal provisions and practices in the field. In conclusion, child protection is not sufficient with regulations alone but also requires integrated, sustainable, and participatory implementation so that Indonesian children, especially street children, can live safely, be protected, and develop optimally.

The crime of maltreatment is a deliberate act that causes injury, pain or even death to a person. However, efforts to resolve minor persecution crimes can be done through Restorative Justice. Restorative Justice can be done through mediation of victims of persecution. This research formulates the problem of knowing how the legal arrangements by the Prosecutor's Office on Restorative Justice and knowing how the efforts and obstacles to overcoming persecution crimes based on Restorative Justice by the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. This research method is through empirical juridical research with field studies at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office related to countermeasures against criminal acts of persecution based on Restorative Justice. The data collection technique used by the author in this research is Field Research, which includes data sourced from interviews with the Public Prosecutor at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis. The process of applying Restorative Justice in the crime of persecution in the North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office is carried out by means of the Public Prosecutor offering peace efforts to the victim and suspect. Based on cases that meet the criteria for Restorative Justice, the State Attorney's Office will write to the High Prosecutor's Office and the Deputy Attorney General's Office for General Crimes to seek approval for Restorative Justice. The North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office prioritizes peace between victims and perpetrators in resolving cases of light maltreatment by involving the families of both parties, such as community leaders, without any pressure, coercion, or intimidation from the Public Prosecutor who acts as a facilitator.

The 2009 Narcotics Law, also known as Law 35, demonstrates a clear intention to deter people from committing drug-related offences. To achieve this, the law applies stricter penalties, including the possibility of the death penalty, with minimum and maximum sentences set based on the severity of the threat posed by drug abuse and illicit trafficking. These measures are crucial in maintaining national security and safeguarding the resilience of our society. This research consists of a legal review of the criminal offence of drug trafficking and the eradication of drug trafficking in Indonesia. This includes an analysis of Supreme Court Decision Number 5832 K/Pid.Sus/2022. The research methodology used is normative legal research, with a descriptive approach. The data for this research is collected from primary and secondary sources through the literature research method. The death penalty is expressly mentioned as an appropriate punishment for serious drug offenders in Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics. The implementation of this punishment in Indonesia is essential to protect the state, society, and public interest. The act of trafficking narcotics poses a great threat to these three interests so it is justifiable to impose the death penalty on the perpetrators. In line with Supreme Court Decision Number 5832 K/Pid.Sus/2022, the author agrees with the decision of the panel of judges who revoked the defendant's acquittal and imposed the death penalty. This decision is very appropriate for drug dealers who continue to carry out illegal activities even though they have been imprisoned.