Climate change is driven by a combination of natural fluctuations and human activities, particularly the widespread use of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) and alterations in land use practices such as logging, farming, and clearing land for agriculture. This global phenomenon encompasses various end-of-use activities, including agriculture, forestry, and consumerism. An inherent challenge in the global carbon dioxide (CO2) trading landscape lies in the competition between developed and developing countries, stemming from inconsistent CO2 prices. This competition manifests in three primary areas. Firstly, in the context of internationally transmitted mitigation outcomes, involving international trade aimed at surpassing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets. Secondly, it pertains to sustainable development mechanisms, specifically the use of carbon offsets derived from projects implemented by both public and private entities worldwide. The third aspect revolves around non-market approaches, encompassing emission reduction through mitigation and adaptation efforts, financial support, technology transfer, and capacity building, which may involve tools like carbon taxes and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). This research adopts a legal norm perspective, delving into methods that investigate, describe, synthesize, interpret, evaluate, and analyze positive approaches. The findings signify a paradigm shift aligning with the "polluter pays principle," recognizing that entities and individuals responsible for environmental pollution should bear the associated costs. In the quest for a new paradigm of sustainable development, a carbon market ecosystem assumes a pivotal role. This ecosystem contributes to enhancing sustainability by curbing greenhouse gas emissions and offering economic incentives to address climate change. It acts as a cornerstone in constructing a fresh paradigm for potential development.

The purpose of this study was to analyze norms that do not regulate the requirements for candidates for legislative members (DPR) without being accompanied by a police record certificate (SKCK) which has a material impact on their duties and responsibilities in establishing law. The research method used in this study is normative juridical with a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. This research is very important in filling public positions because the lack of conditions in question is a form of institutional imbalance in the DPR compared to the requirements for the candidacy of the President and Vice President, Governors, Mayors, and Regents. Even though all of them are public positions that directly receive a mandate from the people. The form of a rule of law requires checks and balances, which upholds Indonesia's constitutional cultural values and places greater emphasis on the harmony and integration of shared values. Meanwhile, the invalidity of the SKCK as a condition for candidacy for members of the DPR is a form of denial. So this has implications for the integrity and quality of prospective members who will occupy the DPR positions. As a law-forming institution, quality and integrity are important parts that must be attached to them, so that in carrying out their duties it will result in the formation of laws that are oriented towards the protection of human rights. The novelty of this research is the analysis of the importance of regulating the requirements for police record certificates in the Election Law as a basis for measuring the filling of public office. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis norma yang tidak mengatur syarat calon anggota legislatif (DPR) tanpa disertakan dengan surat keterangan catatan kepolisian (SKCK) yang secara materiil berdampak pada tugas dan tanggungjawabnya dalam pembentukan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini sangat penting dalam pengisian jabatan publik, sebab ketiadaan syarat yang dimaksud adalah bentuk ketidakseimbangan kelembagaan DPR dibandingkan dengan syarat pencalonan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, Gubernur, Walikota, dan Bupati. Padahal semuanya sama-sama jabatan publik yang langsung menerima mandat dari rakyat. Bentuk negara hukum menghendaki adanya checks and balances, yang menjunjung nilai-nilai budaya konstitusional Indonesia dan lebih menekankan harmoni dan integrasi nilai-nilai bersama. Sedangkan ketidakberlakuan SKCK sebagai syarat pencalonan anggota DPR adalah bentuk pengingkaran dimaksud. Sehingga hal ini berimplikasi terhadap integritas maupun kualitas dari calon-calon anggota yang akan menduduki jabatan DPR. Sebagai lembaga pembentuk undang-undang kualitas dan integritas adalah bagian penting yang harus melekat bagi mereka, sehingga dalam menjalankan tugasnya akan menghasilkan pembentukan undang-undang yang beorientasi pada perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Adapun kebaharuan penelitian ini adalah analisis mengenai pentingnya pengaturan mengenai syarat surat keterangan catatan kepolisian dalam UU Pemilu sebagai dasar tolak ukur pengisian jabatan publik.