This legal research aims to investigate how absentee land regulations are implemented in relation to agricultural land ownership in Temanggung Regency. The main objective is, first, to understand how absentee land regulations are implemented in relation to agricultural land ownership in Temanggung Regency. Second, to identify the factors that cause absentee ownership and control of land in Temanggung Regency. This research is a type of empirical juridical legal research that is descriptive in nature. This research method uses primary data obtained through direct interviews with the Temanggung Land Office and people who own absentee land. The research results show that absentee ownership and control of land still occurs in Temanggung Regency due to less than optimal implementation of the authority of the Temanggung Land Office. This condition occurs because there are buying and selling transactions outside official mechanisms and a lack of clear records by the Temanggung Regency Land Office regarding land inheritance. Several factors that cause the emergence of absentee land control and ownership in Temanggung Regency include legal aspects, law enforcement, community participation, infrastructure and culture.

This study aims to compare the regulation of cosmetic distribution between the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM) in Indonesia and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. The comparative method is carried out by analyzing regulations, registration procedures, security requirements, post-marketing supervision, and the role of each institution in maintaining the safety of cosmetic products. The research results show that although BPOM and FDA have the same goal of protecting consumers and ensuring the safety of cosmetic products, there are significant differences in their regulatory approaches and registration procedures. BPOM tends to adopt a more formal, qualified approach with strict requirements for registration of cosmetic products, while FDA uses a more flexible approach with more responsibility devolving to manufacturers to ensure compliance with approvals. The two agencies also have differences in post-marketing oversight. Indonesia's BPOM tends to be more active in conducting regular product testing on the market, while the United States FDA relies more on consumer and manufacturer reports to identify unsafe products. However, both face similar challenges in dealing with the rapid development of the cosmetics industry and product innovation. Continuous efforts are needed to improve regulation and supervision to ensure that cosmetic products in circulation are safe for consumers around the world.
 

Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the transformation of the health sector in Indonesia has taken place with the beginning of the era of digitization of health services, one of which is the digitization of the implementation of electronic medical records through the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Health (PMK) No. 24 of 2022 on Medical Records. Through this regulation, the Government provides freedom for health care facilities to choose the system to be used, which can be a system developed independently, a system developed by the Ministry of Health, or can also collaborate with vendors providing information systems or partner systems for short. However, there is no detailed description of the liability for leakage of electronic medical record data whose system comes from a partner system, so that clear boundaries are needed regarding this matter. This research aims to explore the legal standing of electronic medical record system providers or system partners and the legal liability provided in the event of an electronic medical record data leak. The result of this research is the position of the partner system as a form of PSE in accordance with the provisions of Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions and the legal liability of the partner system for leakage of electronic medical record data is as a Controller of Personal Data based on Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection.

By laying a foundation in the forestry environment as a basis for running a regional government system, it will encourage the ability to reduce aspects of forest destruction in the region. The deterioration of existing forest conditions cannot be separated from the existence of a development and licensing system that has not prioritized forestry aspects as aspects that need to be prioritized. The effectiveness of law regarding human environmental issues cannot be separated from the state of the administrative apparatus and law enforcement officials as the infrastructure for effective implementation of the law in the realities of environmental life.