This article descriptively discusses the description of the dynamics of Islamic civilization and thought in the Middle Islamic period, namely the period of the three great empires. Each of the Islamic empires, both the Ottoman Turks, the Syafawi, and the Mughals, in their history have preserved many relics that show how dynamically developed Islamic civilization and thought. This article was written using a qualitative descriptive approach using the library study method. From the results of the discussion, it is known that Islamic civilization and thought during the three great empires were generally not as advanced as in the previous period, namely the Abbasid dynasty. However, there are various legacies and progress in other fields such as politics, economics, and art. This progress was mainly due to the factor of military strength. But the progress achieved did not last long due to various internal and external factors that befell these three great Islamic empires.