This study aims to examine the parenting patterns adopted by single parents in the Islamic religious education of their children in Ampung Julu Village, Batang Natal Subdistrict, Mandailing Natal Regency. The research background stems from the growing phenomenon of single-parent families, which presents challenges in religious education. This is a qualitative descriptive study employing data collection methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that single parents apply various parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic. The main challenges include limited time and dual responsibilities as both breadwinners and educators. Nevertheless, some single parents successfully nurture their children in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects of Islamic education through exemplary conduct, habituation, advice, supervision, and other Islamic-based methods. The study concludes that active involvement of single parents, despite limitations, still has a positive impact on the development of their children's Islamic religious education.

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia lives with a pluralistic society. The existence of this pluralistic society indicates that Indonesia is filled with diversity. Starting from ethnic diversity, customs, culture, religion, and many more Again. This diversity shows that Indonesia needs a system democratic government, where every government process requires the people's contribution so that the people continue to live side by side even though they are filled with the essence A democratic country is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. This means that the government exercises its power on behalf of the people. Therefore, Indonesia implementing an election system in determining leaders in Indonesia. However, in this election process there are ties of primordialism that influence how people determine their choices according to certain beliefs trusted. This research explores the existence of primordialism in elections in Indonesia, especially in West Tanjungpinang District, Tanjungpinang City. Researcher explore the primordial factors, such as customs, ethnicity, culture, religion and social groups that influence the dynamics of elections. Researchers found that Primordialism often influences voting behavior. This research too aims to find out how primordialism influences voting behavior in West Tanjungpinang District