This research aims to determine the quality of teacher-made test items in the summative assessment of Indonesian language subjects in class XI at SMKN 2 Palangka Raya and class XI at SMKN 3 Palangka Raya in the 2023/2024 academic year. This research is quantitative descriptive. Data was obtained using the documentation method, namely answer keys, student answers, student scores and test items. The population of this study was all class XI students at SMKN 2 Palangka Raya and all class XI students at SMKN 3 Palangka Raya. The samples for this research were students of class XI MPLB 3 (Office Management and Business Institutions 3) at SMKN 2 Palangka Raya and students of class The data obtained was analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program and the SPSS version 25 for Windows program. The results of this research show that, 1) Level of Difficulty, the test items from the two schools have differences in terms of percentage between easy, medium and difficult question categories. 2) Differential power, the test items from the two schools show differences in terms of percentage between categories with good, sufficient and low differentiating power. 3) Distraction, the test items from the two schools have differences in terms of percentage between question categories with very good, good and not good levels of distraction.

The aims of the research are (1) to describe the form of external code switching found in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle, (2) to describe the factors that cause code switching to occur in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle, (3) to describe the function of code switching extern in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle, and (4) describe the implications of research results in learning Indonesian at vocational schools. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative descriptive research aims to describe, depict, explain, explain and answer in more detail the problems to be studied by studying as closely as possible an individual, a group or an event. This sociolinguistic research focuses on the aspect of code switching. The data source in this research is the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle. The data in this research are phrases, clauses and sentences in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle which were identified as containing code switching. The data collection techniques used in this research are non-participant observation techniques and documentation techniques. The research results from the analysis of the use of code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle are as follows. 1) The form of external code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle which is divided into phrase level, clause level, sentence level and inter-sentence level. 2) Factors causing external code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle which consist of the speaker, speech partner, change in situation, change from formal to informal, and change in topic of conversation. 3) The function of external code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle is divided into three, namely emphasizing and clarifying statements, quoting other people's conversations, and avoiding rough forms and subtle forms. 4) This research is implied in the Indonesian language module of the Merdeka curriculum for class XI even semester in phase F learning outcomes related to Drama material with sub-theme C Analyzing Linguistic Rules of Drama Text.
 
 

This training aims to enhance the ability of teachers in East Waringin Timur City to write scholarly articles, enabling them to contribute more effectively to the educational development in the region. In an effort to achieve this goal, the outreach team will undertake various activities, including interviews with teachers, curriculum analysis, surveys, literature research, and communication with schools. This study will provide a deeper insight into the needs and expectations of teachers regarding scholarly article writing, as well as facilitate the development of a Scholarly Article Writing training program tailored to the local educational context. It is expected that the results of this outreach will bring about positive benefits in improving the quality of education in East Waringin Timur City.

The research discusses the principle of language politeness in the film Layangan Putus. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to: (1) describe the application of the maxim of wisdom in the dialogue of Layangan Putus film characters, (2) describes the application of the maxim of generosity in the dialogue of Layangan Putus film characters, (3) describes the application of praise maxims in the dialogue of Layangan Putus film characters, (4) describes the application of the maxim of humility in the dialogue of Layangan Putus film characters, (5) describes the application of the maxim of agreement in the dialogue of Layangan Putus film characters,  (6) describes the application of sympathy maxims in the dialogue of Layangan Putus film characters, and (7) describe the implications of the research results on the application of the principle of language politeness to Indonesian learning in junior high schools.
The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach and data taken from the dialogue of Layangan Putus film characters. Data collection uses listening methods and note-taking techniques. Data analysis uses data reduction, data feed, and conclusion drawing.
The results of research on the application of the principle of language politeness in Layangan Putus film showed that (1) The maxim of wisdom using utterances giving help, advising, refusing help, taking, explaining, replacing the other party, calling, comforting, informing, allowing, serving, hurting the feelings of the other party, and threatening, (2) The maxim of generosity using speech intends to realize the wishes of the other party, delivering, giving food, giving gifts, obeying requests, giving fruits, and sincere, (3) The maxim of praise using utterances of praise, mocking, cursing, and berating, (4) The maxim of humility using speech intends to minimize praise and maximize self-condemnation, admit mistakes, and apologize, (5) The maxim of the agreement using utterances intending to agree, nodding the head, rejecting orders, refusing solicitations, refusing to chat, and refusing requests, (6) The maxim of sympathy using the utterances of condolences and congratulations, (7) The results of this study have implications for Indonesian learning in junior high school grade IX, especially the discussion text material in Basic Competencies 3.10 Examining opinions and arguments that support and that are contra in the discussion text related to the actual problems that are read and heard.

This study aims to: (1) describe the sense of ekopuitika theory; (2) describe the working mechanism of ekopuitika theory; and (3) describe the application of the ekopuitika theory in the oral literature.
The theory used in this research is  ekopuitika theory, ecology theory, and poetics theory.
The data collecting technique or data collection process utilized in this research are as follows: (1) recording technique, either audio or audiovisual, (2) notes, (3) rooted interview, (4) literature study and documentation analysis.
The finding of the research is (1) the meaning ekopuitika theory is literary theory/knowledge of poetry which is associated with the environment. (2) the working mechanism is started from analyzing the poetics theory which consists of: 1. Sound that includes: a) rima; (b) assonance; (c) alliteration; (d) anaphora; (e) efoni; (f) kakafoni; and (g) onomatopoeic. 2. Rime (metrum and rhythm) 3. Word includes: (a) vocabulary; (b) diction; (c) figurative language; (d) imagery; and (e) linguistic factors. 4. Phrase that includes: (a) nominal phrases; (b) verbal phrase; (c) the numeral phrase; (d) the adverb phrase; and (e) the prepositional phrase. 5. Sentence/array includes: (a) declarative sentences; (b) interrogative sentences; (c) the imperative sentence; and (d) the exclamatory sentence. 6. The discourse that includes: (a) cohesion and (b) coherence.
The next how it works, is further analyzed once more with the ecology theory that includes: (a) the representation of nature: plant, animal, mountain, water, sea, land, air, sun, and sky; (b) the manifestation of the representation of behavior: traditional event (ritual), religion, knowledge, cosmology, language, myth, art, moral, and housing.




After the ekopuitika theory applied in the oral literature there was a result that evidently for the representation of nature related to the plant and animal, while for the representation of the behavior associated with the traditional event (ritual) and language.

Reduplication is a study of morphology regarding the process of repeating words, either in whole or in part, with varying phonemes or not, in combination with affixes or not, and becomes a language unit as a phonological and grammatical tool. This research was conducted to find out how the form and meaning of the reduplication of the Ngaju Dayak language in the stories of Tambun and Bungai are found in the book "The Ot Danum from Tumbang Miri until Tumbang Rungan".
This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach and the data are taken from a book about legend stories about the Ngaju Dayak in a book entitled "The Ot Danum from Tumbang Miri until Tumbang Rungan".   Data collection techniques on this research is a listening and note-taking technique. Data analysis techniques used is according to Matthew B. Miles and A. Michael Huberman which is divided into three namely data reduction, data display or data presentation, as well as conclusions and conclusions verification. The results of the research on the legendary stories about Tambun and Bungai in a book entitled "The Ot Danum from Tumbang Miri until Tumbang Rungan" shows that (1) there are 4 forms of reduplication and 3 types of reduplication meanings in this study. The results of the study also has implications for literary learning for grade X senior high school students in second semesters, especially KD 3.4, and KD 4.4.

Mystical is a spiritual effort in realizing the social relations that prevail in society. Mystical as an understanding that gives teachings that are secret or all-secret, hidden, dark, and veiled in darkness, so that they are only known, known, or understood by certain people,especially their adherents.
This study aims to describe the mystical forms and beliefs of the Ma'anyan Dayak people towards mystical matters including: (1)Mystical forms in the novels Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau (2) Public beliefs in mystical elements contained in the novels Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau (3) implications for literature learning in high school class XII.
This research approach uses a qualitative research approach using descriptive methods. The data sources used in this study are Novels, Wawaacara, and field notes. The data in this study are Neno Cristiandi Neno's novel Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau and interviews with speakers conducted in Jaweten Village and Garinsing Village, East Barito Regency. Data analysis of this study was analyzed by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions.
The results of research on mystical forms and people's belief in mystical things and implications for literature learning in high school show (1) How mystical forms in the novels Minyak Bintang, Dalung, and Kariau. (2) there are five mystical forms(3) there are three public beliefs in mystical things. The results of this study can be used in novel learning in high school class XII, especially in competency 3.8. interpreting the author's view of life in the novel being read.

Performance Semiotics in Dramatic Performance is a study of the semiotics of theater or stage performances related to the theory of signs and sign systems in the performing arts called theater. Theater semiotics tries to understand the components of theater and establishes the assumption that everything within the framework of theater is a sign or sign. Theatrical performances are essentially a series of sign systems.
This study aims to: (1) reveal the process of creating and presenting the performance art of the Mental Ill Ballad Drama, (2) reveal signs related to the activities of the Mentally Ill Ballad Drama performance actors, (3) reveal signs related to the appearance of the Mentally Ill Ballad Drama performance actors Jiwa, (4) reveals signs related to the spatial aspect or place of the performance of the Mentally Ill Ballad and (5) reveals signs related to the non-verbal acoustic aspects of the Mentally Ill Ballad's performance.
This research was carried out at the Campus of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, FKIP, Palangka Raya University, Central Kalimantan Province. The object of research is students who practice theater and perform theater. This study involved (1) lecturers who taught the Drama/Theatre Performance course, (2) drama/theatre arts workers, and (3) students who practiced and performed plays/theatre. Data collection techniques in this field research are observation, recording, recording, and interviews. The collected data will be analyzed using the theory of Performance Semiotics.
The performance semiotics contained in the performance of the drama Balada Illness, are: (1) signs related to the process of creating and presenting performing arts, (2) signs related to actor activities, (3) signs related to actor appearances, (4) signs related to spatial aspects, and (5) signs related to non-verbal acoustics.