Climate change, especially the threat to the outermost small islands, has a significant impact on Indonesia's national resilience. The worsening climate crisis has the potential to threaten the survival of coastal communities, trigger tensions in border areas, and worsen the social and economic situation through mass migration. This study aims to analyze the threat of the climate crisis to the outermost small islands and its implications for Indonesia's national defense and security. The method used is a normative legal analysis with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach, with deductive reasoning. The findings show that Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic country, faces real threats due to climate change, such as rising sea levels that can submerge many outermost small islands. This threat has the potential to affect territorial sovereignty, economic stability, and food security, and can trigger social and international conflicts. This study also identifies the need for mitigation policies, including the New and Renewable Energy Bill, and the Climate Change Management Bill, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen the country's resilience to the impacts of climate change.

The punishment imposed on TNI soldiers is actually heavier than the punishment that applies in the general court. The punishment imposed on TNI soldiers is not only limited to prison sentences or fines imposed, but sometimes for serious criminal offenders are often sentenced to additional penalties in the form of dishonorable dismissal (PDTH) from military service. The purpose of this study is to show that for legal subjects with military status, the role of superiors who have the right to punish or called the term Ankum is very dominant. For military members involved in criminal acts, two punishments are imposed, namely first, in the form of disciplinary punishments imposed in the form of punishments for postponement of promotion, demotion to dismissal. This research is qualitative that uses a descriptive approach to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly according to the description when the research is carried out. The results of this study show that the determination of absolute competence based on the emphasis on the consequences of the losses incurred can be said to be in line with what is stated in Article 3 paragraph (4) letter a of TAP MRP Number VII of 2000 concerning the Role of the Indonesia National Army and the Role of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia which reads that "Soldiers of the Indonesia National Army are subject to the power of the general judiciary in the case of general criminal offenses." It is strengthened by Article 65 paragraph (2) of the TNI Law which reads "Soldiers are subject to the power of the military judiciary in the event of a violation of the military criminal law and are subject to the power of the general judiciary in the event of a violation of the general criminal law regulated by the Law."