The identification and early treatment of skin diseases are crucial to mitigate serious health risks. The growing attention on researching skin disease analysis stems from the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology. In this systematic review, we adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to comprehensively assess recent approaches for skin disease detection. Our study addressed four key research questions exploring the methods for skin disease detection, the evaluation techniques employed to measure the effectiveness of skin disease detection models, the datasets utilized, and the challenges encountered in applying machine learning and deep learning techniques for skin disease detection. We screened studies from 2019 to 2023 from reputable databases, including IEEE Explore, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Our findings revealed that the CNN model outperformed other deep learning models. Additionally, our analysis identified the ISIC public dataset as the most frequently used dataset. The studies reviewed employed evaluation metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score to evaluate model performance. We identified several limitations in the studies we reviewed, including the use of limited datasets, challenges in distinguishing between diseases with similar features, and other related limitations. Overall, we provided a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art techniques in skin disease detection and highlighted the future directions.