This research aims to improve learning activities and achievement in science and technology on Indonesian Cultural Wealth material through the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) learning model in grade 4 of elementary school. This research uses a Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach with a two-cycle system. This research was conducted on grade 4 students at SDN Bantengan 01, Wungu District, Madiun Regency. Research data was collected through observation and tests. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive approach that focused on students' learning activities and achievements, as well as the learning implementation process. The research results showed that students' science and science learning achievement increased in the percentage of classical learning completion from 30.76% (4 out of 13 students) in the initial test to 84.61% (11 out of 13 students) in Cycle II. The percentage of learning completeness (classical) in Cycle II has met the predetermined target, namely 80% of all students achieved a score ≥ 70 (complete learning). Student activity in learning has also increased. This is evidenced by the increase in the percentage of classically active students from 30.76% (4 out of 13 students) in Cycle I to 76.92% (10 out of 13 students) in Cycle II. The percentage of classical student activity in Cycle II has met the specified target, namely ≥ 70%.
 

The purpose of the article is to create a mathematical reasoning modeling framework through working on high order thinking questions for elementary school students. The modeling cycle (formulating, applying, interpreting, and evaluating) is a central aspect of the conception of mathematical reasoning for students for the sake of mathematical literacy. Formulating is an individual's ability to recognize and identify opportunities to use mathematics and then provide a mathematical structure for problems presented in several contextual forms. Applying is an individual's ability to apply concepts, facts, procedures, and mathematical reasoning to solve mathematically formulated problems in order to obtain mathematical conclusions. Interpreting and evaluating (interpret and evaluate) is the individual's ability to reflect on mathematical solutions, results or conclusions and interpret them into the context of real life problems. This is a literature study, the data was collecting using literature studies on scientific journal articles and news about mathematical reasoning, high order thinking, and numeracy. The modeling cycle is recommended for teaching mathematics in elementary school through series of problem solving stages in questions with higher order thinking skill concept.