The aims of the research are (1) to describe the form of external code switching found in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle, (2) to describe the factors that cause code switching to occur in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle, (3) to describe the function of code switching extern in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle, and (4) describe the implications of research results in learning Indonesian at vocational schools. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative descriptive research aims to describe, depict, explain, explain and answer in more detail the problems to be studied by studying as closely as possible an individual, a group or an event. This sociolinguistic research focuses on the aspect of code switching. The data source in this research is the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle. The data in this research are phrases, clauses and sentences in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle which were identified as containing code switching. The data collection techniques used in this research are non-participant observation techniques and documentation techniques. The research results from the analysis of the use of code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle are as follows. 1) The form of external code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle which is divided into phrase level, clause level, sentence level and inter-sentence level. 2) Factors causing external code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle which consist of the speaker, speech partner, change in situation, change from formal to informal, and change in topic of conversation. 3) The function of external code switching in the novel Ocean Marine by Snow Sparkle is divided into three, namely emphasizing and clarifying statements, quoting other people's conversations, and avoiding rough forms and subtle forms. 4) This research is implied in the Indonesian language module of the Merdeka curriculum for class XI even semester in phase F learning outcomes related to Drama material with sub-theme C Analyzing Linguistic Rules of Drama Text.
 
 

This training aims to enhance the ability of teachers in East Waringin Timur City to write scholarly articles, enabling them to contribute more effectively to the educational development in the region. In an effort to achieve this goal, the outreach team will undertake various activities, including interviews with teachers, curriculum analysis, surveys, literature research, and communication with schools. This study will provide a deeper insight into the needs and expectations of teachers regarding scholarly article writing, as well as facilitate the development of a Scholarly Article Writing training program tailored to the local educational context. It is expected that the results of this outreach will bring about positive benefits in improving the quality of education in East Waringin Timur City.

This study aims to: (1) describe the sense of ekopuitika theory; (2) describe the working mechanism of ekopuitika theory; and (3) describe the application of the ekopuitika theory in the oral literature.
The theory used in this research is  ekopuitika theory, ecology theory, and poetics theory.
The data collecting technique or data collection process utilized in this research are as follows: (1) recording technique, either audio or audiovisual, (2) notes, (3) rooted interview, (4) literature study and documentation analysis.
The finding of the research is (1) the meaning ekopuitika theory is literary theory/knowledge of poetry which is associated with the environment. (2) the working mechanism is started from analyzing the poetics theory which consists of: 1. Sound that includes: a) rima; (b) assonance; (c) alliteration; (d) anaphora; (e) efoni; (f) kakafoni; and (g) onomatopoeic. 2. Rime (metrum and rhythm) 3. Word includes: (a) vocabulary; (b) diction; (c) figurative language; (d) imagery; and (e) linguistic factors. 4. Phrase that includes: (a) nominal phrases; (b) verbal phrase; (c) the numeral phrase; (d) the adverb phrase; and (e) the prepositional phrase. 5. Sentence/array includes: (a) declarative sentences; (b) interrogative sentences; (c) the imperative sentence; and (d) the exclamatory sentence. 6. The discourse that includes: (a) cohesion and (b) coherence.
The next how it works, is further analyzed once more with the ecology theory that includes: (a) the representation of nature: plant, animal, mountain, water, sea, land, air, sun, and sky; (b) the manifestation of the representation of behavior: traditional event (ritual), religion, knowledge, cosmology, language, myth, art, moral, and housing.




After the ekopuitika theory applied in the oral literature there was a result that evidently for the representation of nature related to the plant and animal, while for the representation of the behavior associated with the traditional event (ritual) and language.