Indonesia’s coastline, particularly Kendal Regency in Central Java, faces critical mangrove degradation due to land-use changes and rising sea levels. This study aims to asses the condition and erosion impacting Kendal's mangrove ecosystems to inform future conservation strategies. Using remote sensing technology, multi-spatial and multi-temporal imagery from 2005–2023 was analyzed and validated with field observations to evaluate mangrove species composition, structure, and land changes. The mangrove area increased by 52% in three locations, with the Bodri River delta (Pidodo Kulon and Pidodo Wetan villages) showing the most significant growth at 76.69 hectares. Ngebum Beach (Mororejo) had the largest proportional increase, reaching 185%. The ecosystems are moderately diverse, containing at least 11 mangrove species, though Rhizophora dominates due to extensive planting efforts. Despite stable conditions, these ecosystems face threats from deforestation for aquaculture, the primary driver of land erosion, compounded by rising sea levels. Although mangrove areas have expanded significantly, ongoing challenges include erosion, anthropogenic pressures, and limited species diversity. Future strategies must involve multi-stakeholder collaboration to implement sustainable practices, promote species diversity, develop erosion mitigation models, and conduct awareness campaigns to ensure the resilience of Kendal’s mangrove ecosystems.

Milkfish processing is a superior product and a typical souvenir from Semarang City that requires serious attention because it has a significant impact on regional economic growth. Tambakrejo Village is a thematic village of Semarang City (Milkfish Processing Village) with the formation of the Putri Laut Processing and Marketing Group (Poklahsar) since 2017 with 21 members. Business actors in Poklahsar still face problems in production and marketing aspects. Partners in this PDTI are Poklahsar Putri Laut and Tambakrejo Village. In terms of production, the production capacity of presto milkfish is limited to only ± 50 kg / day. In addition, processed milkfish has a short shelf life so that technology needs to be applied. The reach of marketing aspects, product promotion is still lacking , In this community service activity, Retort pan facilities were provided, is one of the thermal food preservation techniques, which has many advantages, namely a shelf life of more than six months. The pressure cooker is a hybrid model specifically designed to make soft-boned milkfish effectively and efficiently. This presto milkfish cooker is a combination of innovations about soft-boned milkfish cookers with temperature and time control . The tool still uses LPG fuel and a soft-boned milkfish cooker with an electric heater.

The increase in GHGs in Semarang City, caused by the increase in motorized vehicles and industrial activity, has resulted in a decrease in environmental quality in urban areas and air pollution. Data from the Semarang City Environmental Service (2019), shows that total CO2e emissions in 2018 were dominated by CO2, namely 33,505,357.22 tons of CO2 (85.24%) of the total CO2e tons of GHG emissions. To reduce CO2 emissions in Semarang City, one way that can be done is by utilizing urban forests which can absorb carbon dioxide. Based on these conditions, estimates of stored carbon reserves and carbon uptake in urban forests need to be calculated to determine the CO2 that plants in urban forests can absorb. This research aims to analyze the amount of stored carbon reserves and carbon uptake in the Tinjomoyo Semarang City Forest ecosystem. This research uses an exploratory method carried out through direct observation and measurement in the field. The sampling technique used is the belt transect method. The stand measurement method is carried out using the Non-Destructive Test (NDT) method or by not damaging the research samples. Stand data analysis was carried out using the allometric equation method. Based on calculation results, the number of individual stands in the Tinjomoyo Semarang City Forest area is 367 individual stands. The total amount of biomass is 125.5 tonnes/ha, the total carbon stock is 57.72 tonnes/ha and the total amount of carbon uptake is 211.8 tonnes/ha. This research shows that the estimated carbon reserves stored in the Tinjomoyo City Forest ecosystem, Semarang are 57.72 tonnes/ha with a carbon uptake value of 211.8 tonnes/ha.

While the experience of working abroad can provide new skills and knowledge, former migrant workers often face challenges in reintegrating into the local labor market upon returning to Indonesia. Malaysian migrant workers have a tendency to work for less than the minimum wage after returning to Indonesia. Using the August 2021 sakernas data and logit analysis, this study will discuss the probability of former Indonesian migrant workers with a destination country of Malaysia, to earn wages above or equal to the minimum wage in the place where they work. The results of the logit analysis show that former Indonesian migrant workers have a probability of earning a living wage upon returning to Indonesia. Those who have a greater probability are former migrant workers with male gender, have higher education and have a formal job after returning to Indonesia.