This journal analyzes Russia's security strategy in facing the challenges posed by NATO and Ukraine through the perspective of offensive realism. The main focus of the study is Russia's latest military modernization program in response to the perceived threat of NATO expansion and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. One of Russia's main concerns is NATO's eastward expansion, which has sparked fears even though Ukraine has not yet joined NATO. Using the theoretical framework of offensive realism, the journal explores how Russia seeks to maximize its relative power in the region and maintain its influence in the former Soviet states. This analysis shows that Russia's security strategy is based on the perception of an existential threat from the West and the desire to restore its status as a great power on the global stage.