This study aims to analyze the effect of production cost optimization on increasing profits (profit) in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Pancing, Medan City. MSMEs have an important role in the Indonesian economy, contributing around 60% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and absorbing more than 97% of the workforce. However, many MSMEs face challenges in managing production costs efficiently, which can reduce their profit margins and competitiveness in the market. The method used in this study was a survey with a questionnaire distributed to 10 registered MSME respondents. The results of the analysis showed that 80% of respondents had businesses registered as MSMEs, and 60% of them conducted production cost analysis regularly. In addition, 70% of respondents believed that good production cost management could increase their business profits. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between production cost optimization and increased profits, with a correlation coefficient of 0.75 and a significance value of p <0.05. The regression results showed that every one unit increase in production cost optimization would increase profits by 1.20 units. This study concludes that production cost optimization has a significant effect on increasing profits in MSMEs in Medan. Therefore, it is recommended that MSME owners continue to improve their understanding of the importance of production cost optimization and implement technology that can help efficiency and conduct cost analysis regularly.

This research aims to analyze Kopiko's expansion strategy in entering international markets. Kopiko, as a superior coffee candy product from Indonesia, has successfully penetrated more than 80 countries throughout the world. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literacur study method to understand the strategies implemented by Kopiko in achieving global success. Data was obtained through in-depth literature study on the official PT website. Mayora Indah Tbk, analysis of company documents, and related previous research. The research results show that Kopiko's success in the international market is supported by several key factors, namely: (1) product adaptation according to local consumer preferences in each country; (2) effective marketing strategies, including the use of social media, influencers, and engaging advertising campaigns; (3) collaboration with local distributors who have a wide distribution network; (4) continuous product innovation to maintain consumer interest; and (5) consistent product quality. Kopiko also utilizes in-depth market analysis to select target countries with high growth potential. This research concludes that product adaptation and innovation strategies, coupled with careful marketing and strategic distribution cooperation, are the main factors for Kopiko's success in international market expansion. These findings can be a reference for other companies who want to expand their business to the global market