This research examines the legal responsibility of corporate guarantors declared bankrupt for their obligations to creditors in loan agreements, analyzing Court Decision No. 318/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2022/PN Commercial Court Jakarta Central. The study addresses the legal complexities arising when a corporate guarantee becomes insolvent before the principal debtor defaults, creating jurisdictional conflicts between bankruptcy law and guarantee obligations. Using normative legal research methodology with a juridical normative approach, this study analyzes the application of Article 229(2) in conjunction with Article 278(6) of Law No. 37/2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (K-PKPU) and Article 1381 of the Civil Code. The research reveals that the curator's action in obstructing and rejecting PT KawanCicil Teknologi Utama's claim registration against the bankrupt guarantor without proper judicial determination constitutes conduct not based on applicable laws and regulations. The findings demonstrate that when a guarantor is declared bankrupt and the debtor is in default, the Supervisory Judge and Curator must accept PT KawanCicil Teknologi Utama as a creditor with rights to the debtor's assets during asset liquidation proceedings. The study concludes that bankruptcy declaration of a guarantor does not automatically terminate guarantee obligations under Article 1381 of the Civil Code, as bankruptcy is not enumerated among the causes of contract termination. This research contributes to legal certainty in corporate guarantee enforcement within Indonesia's bankruptcy framework and provides recommendations for legislative harmonization between conflicting provisions in bankruptcy law.

This research aims to analyze the mitigation of the risk of exploitation and violence against women Indonesian migrant workers in the informal sector as well as the responsibilities of the government and migrant employment agencies. Using the normative juridical method, this research examines relevant legal norms, such as the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Act, to evaluate the protection of women migrant workers' rights. Data is obtained from documentation of primary and secondary legal sources, analyzed using a feminist perspective to understand vulnerability factors and challenges in the feminization of migration. The results show that mitigating the risk of exploitation and violence against women Indonesian migrant workers in the informal sector includes preventive measures, such as pre-departure education, skills training, recruitment agency supervision, and legal empowerment. During the working period, protection is carried out through standardized work contracts, access to social protection, and bilateral cooperation, while post-work, economic and social reintegration is carried out through mentoring and entrepreneurship training. However, weak implementation of regulations, lack of oversight, and sectoral silos exacerbate the vulnerability of women Indonesian migrant workers in the informal sector to exploitation, discrimination, and rights violations. The responsibilities of the government and migrant employment agencies include legal protection at all stages of migration, from pre-departure recruitment, monitoring of working conditions, and post-employment reintegration programs to ensure that women migrant workers receive comprehensive protection through effective enforcement of employment contracts, legal aid, monitoring, and social reintegration. This research recommends improved regulation, pre-departure education, recruitment agency supervision, legal empowerment, and post-worker reintegration to reduce the risk of exploitation and violence against women migrant workers.

This research analyzes the impact of Indonesian Supreme Court Decision No. 141/Pdt.Sus- PKPU/2020 on the execution of personal guarantees (borgtocht) in bankruptcy proceedings. This decision is significant as it has the potential to alter the practice of borgtocht execution and affect legal certainty for both creditors and debtors. The research employs a normative method with a statutory approach and case studies. Legal sources include legislation, legal literature, and relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that the Supreme Court decision provides clarity regarding the position of borgtocht in bankruptcy, yet also raises some legal uncertainties. This research offers recommendations for legal improvements regarding borgtocht execution to ensure legal certainty and fairness for all parties involved..
 
 

Employment agreements are a crucial step in establishing the employer-employee relationship. While both the Indonesian Labor Law and the Job Creation Law encourage written agreements, verbal contracts are also legally recognized. Written employment agreements serve as a binding instrument and evidence, yet many labor relationships operate without them. This can lead to legal disputes, particularly regarding workers' rights, as exemplified in the Mamuju District Court Decision No. 2/PDT.SUS-PHI/2018/PN.Mam. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, adhering to the normative legal research method. Secondary data is gathered from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal that workers' rights under verbal agreements are still protected by the Labor Law and the Job Creation Law. However, the absence of written documentation of agreed-upon terms for termination of employment can pose challenges in proving these terms in court. In the Mamuju District Court Decision No. 2/PDT.SUS-PHI/2018/PN, the court ordered the defendant to pay double the plaintiff's entitlements due to the wrongful termination of employment through coercion. The court found that the plaintiff's termination was unrelated to any company policy violation and could not be substantiated due to the lack of written documentation.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of consumer protection efforts in purchasing houses near riverbanks, focusing on legal aspects, consumer rights, and dispute resolution. This research is urgent to conduct considering the increasing vulnerability of consumers in property transactions that can potentially increase the risk of violations of consumer rights, economic stability, and public security. The research method used is normative legal research, which allows for an in-depth review of existing laws and regulations governing consumer protection in property transactions, with a thorough analytical approach to the role of regulation and government involvement in responding to developers' failure to comply with rules when constructing buildings, resulting in harm to consumers. The outcome of this research is to propose solutions for regulatory evaluation to enhance consumer protection and ensure fairness and balance in housing transactions, emphasizing the critical role of the legal framework in protecting consumer rights.

This article desires to explain the urgency of halal labeling of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines products to protect consumers in Indonesia and analyze the legal aftereffect for business actors if not carry out halal labeling. The Muslim population dominates most of the total population in Indonesia, likely at 86,7%.. For this reason, the halal status and guarantee of a product is an issue that cannot be underestimated, in which case a halal certificate is believed to be the best option. However, apart from halal certificates, halal labels also play an important role, especially for OTC medicines products which are still found not to have halal labels on the market. The method is normative legal research with regulatory analysis. Research that focuses on the aspect of the urgency of halal labeling as the second stage of halal certification for OTC medicine products is an element of novelty. This article finds that the basis for the urgency of halal labeling on OTC medicine products was found because it's mandatory and is intended as an effort to protect consumers, especially regarding the rights to safety, comfort, and information. Apart from that, it's also because the halal label is meaningful for business actors and the state from an economic perspective and eliminates the perception of emergency law on OTC medicines circulating in society. The legal aftereffect for business actors in case they don’t carry out halal labeling for OTC medicines products is that they may be subject to administrative sanctions determined by BPJPH. Penelitian ini untuk menguaraikan secara lebih lanjut mengenai urgensi labelisasi halal produk obat OTC (obat bebas dan obat bebas terbatas) dalam upaya perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia sekaligus menganalisis akibat hukum bagi pelaku usaha dalam hal tidak melakukan labelisasi halal. Populasi penduduk muslim mendominasi sebesar 86,7% dari total populasi penduduk di Indonesia. Untuk itu, status dan jaminan kehalalan terhadap suatu produk menjadi isu yang tidak dapat disepelekan, yang dalam hal ini sertifikat halal dipercayakan sebagai opsi terbaik. Namun selain sertifikat halal, label halal juga memegang peranan penting khususnya bagi produk obat OTC yang masih ditemukan belum memiliki label halal di pasaran. Metode penelitian hukum normatif dipilih dalam penelitian ini dengan menganalisis perundang-undangan. Penelitian yang berfokus pada aspek keurgensitasan labelisasi halal sebagai tahap kedua dari sertifikasi halal pada produk obat OTC menjadi unsur kebaruan. Hasilnya, ditemukan dasar urgensi labelisasi halal pada produk obat OTC karena adanya bersifat wajib dan ditujukan sebagai suatu usaha dalam melindungi konsumen khususnya terkait hak atas rasa aman, kenyamanan, dan informasi. Selain itu, juga dikarenakan label halal berarti bagi pelaku usaha dan negara dari segi perekonomian dan untuk menghapuskan persepsi hukum darurat pada obat OTC yang beredar di sosial masyarakat. Adapun konsekuensi hukum terhadap pelaku usaha apabila tidak melakukan labelisasi halal terhadap produk ini dikenakan sanksi administratif sesuai ketetapan BPJPH.