Traditional Cultural Expressions (TREs) are an important part of national identity and intangible cultural heritage that live in indigenous communities in Indonesia. In the midst of globalization and increasing cultural claims by other countries, the urgency of legal protection for TREs is becoming increasingly relevant and strategic. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of legal protection for TREs in Indonesia and to formulate strategies for strengthening protection at the national and international levels. This study uses a juridical-normative approach with literature study techniques and qualitative analysis of laws and regulations, international conventions, and case studies such as Reog Ponorogo and batik. The results of the study indicate that existing legal protection is still limited and has not been able to answer the complexity of cultural claim problems. Harmonization of national law with international standards and collaboration between parties are needed to strengthen Indonesia's legal position in protecting TREs. This study contributes to the development of more responsive and sustainable cultural policies.

Paralegals play a crucial role in providing access to justice, particularly in legal aid provision and legal empowerment for communities. In this context, the role of paralegals is essential in bridging the gap in legal access, especially in areas that lack sufficient numbers of advocates. Bubalango Village in Sumalata District, North Gorontalo Regency, faces limitations in access to information and legal understanding, which hinders the community from obtaining the legal assistance they need. Therefore, the Faculty of Law at the University of Gorontalo organized a paralegal training program to enhance the community’s capacity in providing basic legal aid, educating citizens about their rights, and strengthening networking and partnerships with legal institutions and the government. The training includes topics on the Indonesian legal system, citizens' rights, paralegal ethics, and practical skills in drafting legal documents and mediation. It is hoped that this training will strengthen access to justice and build a more inclusive legal system at the village level

Professional legal ethics plays a crucial role in carrying out the legal profession with integrity and fairness. For Civil Servants (ASN), especially those working at the Higher Education Service Institution (LLDIKTI), the implementation of professional legal ethics becomes even more critical, considering their role as bureaucrats who must uphold legal and ethical values in every decision they make. LLDIKTI is tasked with managing, supervising, and facilitating the organization of higher education in Indonesia, requiring its ASN to always adhere to principles of transparency, justice, and accountability in performing their duties. However, the implementation of professional legal ethics in LLDIKTI faces various challenges, including potential conflicts of interest, political pressure, complex bureaucracy, and limited human resources. This study aims to analyze the implementation of professional legal ethics in LLDIKTI and identify the challenges ASN face in applying these ethics. Additionally, the study seeks to provide recommendations on the steps that should be taken to optimize the implementation of professional legal ethics within the ASN environment in LLDIKTI. This research uses a qualitative approach, referring to legal ethics theories developed by Algra (2013) and Winarta (2007), as well as regulations governing ASN, such as Law No. 5 of 2014. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the formulation of policies and training that enhance the professionalism and integrity of ASN in LLDIKTI.

This study aims to analyze the importance of professional laws and codes of ethics for members of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polri). The National Police professional code of ethics is a code of conduct that must be followed by every member of the National Police in carrying out their duties and responsibilities. This study examines the legal aspects that govern the code of ethics, as well as evaluating the challenges and its implementation in police practice. Data was collected through literature studies, analysis of laws and regulations, and in-depth interviews with members of the National Police. The results of the study show that effective enforcement of the code of ethics can strengthen integrity, professionalism, and public trust in the National Police. However, several challenges are still faced in the implementation of the code of ethics, such as the lack of socialization and strict supervision. This research provides recommendations to increase awareness and compliance of members of the National Police with the code of ethics, as well as strengthen its enforcement mechanism to strengthen.

This study examines the enforcement of law and ethics in the profession of judges and court employees in Indonesia. Ethics and integrity are crucial elements in maintaining credibility and fairness in the justice system. Although there are strict regulations and codes of ethics, ethical violations and corruption cases still often occur, indicating the need for stricter supervision and sanctions. This study also highlights the importance of continuous ethics education and improving the welfare of judges and court employees as an effort to reduce unethical behavior. In addition, the application of information technology to improve transparency and accountability in the judicial process is also considered an effective solution. In conclusion, consistent enforcement of law and ethics and a strong commitment from all parties involved are essential to creating a fair and transparent justice system in Indonesia.