This research was motivated by the researcher's interest in the efforts made by PAI teachers to develop students' critical thinking abilities so that students become more active in the learning process. This research uses qualitative methods with a type of field study (field research) through a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. The analysis was carried out according to experts, namely Milles and Hubberm, through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and researchers used triagulation as a form of checking the validity of the data obtained. The results of the research show that the critical thinking abilities of class VIII students at SMPN 40 Takengon are good, this can be seen when students are active in asking questions and fulfill the indicator criteria contained in critical thinking. Efforts made by PAI teachers to develop students' critical thinking skills include teachers asking students stimulating questions through a random system, secondly giving opportunities to students, thirdly using group/collaboration methods. Supporting factors for PAI teachers in developing critical thinking skills are cellphones, training/workshops, and teacher creativity. The inhibiting factors include limited time, different student abilities, creating a conducive atmosphere, and limited facilities and infrastructure.
 

This study examines the impact of Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership on human resource development (HRD) in the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, with a focus on gender equality policies and employee capacity-building programs. Using a literature review method, this research analyzes relevant studies on inclusive leadership and its application in the public sector. The findings indicate that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership, which emphasizes openness, accessibility, and equality, has successfully increased women's participation in leadership positions and fostered a more collaborative work environment. The gender equality policies implemented have not only increased the number of women in strategic positions but also strengthened overall organizational performance. Additionally, capacity-building programsdesigned to enhance technical and managerial skills have proven effective in improving productivity and innovationwithin the Ministry of Finance. This study concludes that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership can serve as a model for other public sector organizations, both in Indonesia and internationally, to promote gender equality and enhance organizational performance through inclusive HR development.