The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the landscape of language learning, particularly in the post-pandemic era where self-directed learning through mobile applications and online platforms is increasingly common. This study explores the effectiveness of two popular digital tools LuvLingua and YouTube in supporting independent Japanese language learning among Indonesian university students. LuvLingua offers a structured, gamified approach suitable for beginners, while YouTube provides authentic and contextual exposure through real-life content. Using a descriptive quantitative method, this research involved twelve students from non-language majors who actively use both platforms to study Japanese. The findings reveal that each platform has distinct advantages: LuvLingua excels in foundational vocabulary and pronunciation, whereas YouTube significantly enhances listening skills and cultural understanding. The combination of both platforms yields optimal learning outcomes, although success heavily depends on learners’ motivation, discipline, and time management. This study contributes to the growing body of research on technology-assisted language learning and provides practical recommendations for learners, educators, and content developers.

This study presents the development of an automatic passenger counting system for public buses using YOLOv8 based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The system detects and counts passengers in real-time to optimize bus capacity and enhance operational efficiency. Results indicate that the system achieves high accuracy in the front camera view (confidence score of 0.82). However, in the rear camera view the accuracy slightly decreases (confidence score of 0.76) due to object overlap, emphasizing the importance of proper camera placement. The system offers potential improvements in bus capacity management, reduced operational costs, and enhanced passenger comfort. These findings contribute to advancing smarter and more efficient public transportation systems.