This research evaluates the implementation of public policies related to natural resource management in Makassar City, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, this study examines the effectiveness, challenges, and impacts of these policies on sustainable development practices. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 key informants including government officials, resource managers, and affected community members, complemented by document analysis of policy papers and reports. The findings reveal significant gaps between policy formulation and implementation due to institutional fragmentation, limited community participation, and inadequate human resource capacity. While some policies have increased public awareness of conservation, others have failed to prevent environmental degradation, including water quality deterioration and deforestation. This study contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of natural resource governance in rapidly developing urban centers and offers practical recommendations for improving policy implementation through enhanced inter-agency coordination, meaningful community engagement, and capacity building initiatives.

A hoax is an attempt to trick or mislead readers or listeners into believing anything when the person who created of the hoax news is aware that the news is false. Hoaxes can be identified in a variety of ways, one of which is to evaluate an argument using linguistics, a discourse analysis. The purpose of this research is to examine the linguistic features of Putri Candrawati hoax news, to investigate the realizations in linguistic features of Putri Candrawati hoax news, and to examine the reason of linguistic features of Putri Candrawati hoax news. The data of this research was taken from Putri Candrawati (PC) statement in TV One’s YouTube Channel. The data were analysed by using Lakoff (2004) Women’s Speech theory, ten linguistic features of women's speech are as follows: hypercorrect grammar, extremely polite forms, emphatic stress, avoidance of harsh swear words, lexical hedges or filler, tag questions, increasing intonation on declarative, empty adjective, exact colour terms, intensifier, and hypercorrect grammar. The findings of this research that there were eight out of ten characteristics of women's speech in the linguistic features of Putri Candrawati hoax news. It was found that the most dominant feature used is intensifier (31 utterances), empty adjectives (28 utterances), lexical hedges or filler (20 utterances), hypercorrect grammar (11 utterances), super polite forms (11 utterances), emphatic stress (5 utterances), avoidance of harsh swear words (4 utterances), tag question (4 utterances).  Two characteristics are absent in the interim, exact colour terms and rising declarative intonation.

This study investigates the impact of public policy on social welfare, specifically through the lens of social assistance programs in the digital era. As technology continues to evolve, the implementation of social assistance programs has transformed, leading to new opportunities for enhancing service delivery and accessibility. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies to assess the effectiveness of these programs in improving social welfare outcomes. The findings reveal that while digital tools can enhance the reach and efficiency of social assistance initiatives, challenges such as digital divide and data privacy concerns must be addressed to ensure equitable access for all beneficiaries. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of integrating technology into public policy frameworks to foster sustainable social welfare improvements in an increasingly digital world.

The topic of this research is language ambiguity that is often spoken by every student in English Literature A class of 2024 at Medan State University. This research aims to answer "what types of language ambiguity are often spoken by students in their communication on everyday classes?". This research applies Kent Bach's theory of language ambiguity to answer this question, this theory is relevant to help this research. The method used in this research is qualitative research and also observation to each suspect in daily life in the classroom. To clarify what kind of language ambiguity is often spoken in the daily life of English Literature A students class of 2024, the researcher provides some sentences that look and sound "ambiguous" that have been spoken by students in their daily life in class. The results of this study are expected to provide new insights into how language ambiguity is used, either consciously or unconsciously, in students' daily interactions.