This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the niqab (face veil) as a religious symbol and an identity marker for Muslim women, which continues to spark public debate in Indonesia. The niqab is often viewed from various perspectives—religious, cultural, social, and political—making it a controversial topic. These differing viewpoints highlight the need for a deeper exploration of the meaning and practice of wearing the niqab, especially within Islamic higher education institutions. The study aims to examine both the normative and sociological aspects of niqab use among female students at Ma’had Al-Birr, Muhammadiyah University (Unismuh) Makassar. This institution is known for having a significant number of students who wear the niqab, each with different backgrounds and motivations, ranging from theological beliefs to personal convictions and environmental influences. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a field-based approach. It combines normative Islamic theological perspectives with sociological analysis, using data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that students perceive the niqab not merely as a religious obligation to cover one's aurat (parts of the body that should be concealed), but also as a symbol of piety, honor, obedience, and personal ijtihad (independent reasoning) in practicing Islamic teachings. An inclusive campus environment supports these students in engaging freely in both academic and social activities. However, challenges still arise, particularly in the form of stereotypes and perceptions of exclusivity that some individuals associate with niqab wearers. These misconceptions underscore the importance of cross-perspective understanding in addressing this phenomenon. This study is expected to contribute to the development of campus policies that support freedom of expression, uphold mutual respect, and promote a more inclusive, open, and tolerant atmosphere within Islamic higher education institutions—one that embraces the diversity of religious practices and encourages respectful coexistence.

Students' understanding of mathematical concepts is still a challenge, especially in solving problems that require procedural and conceptual understanding, such as on the topic of circles. This study aims to analyze the types of errors made by students in solving mathematical problems on the topic of circles using the Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) procedure. The approach to this study is descriptive qualitative, conducted at SD 050661 Kwala Bingai with 20 subjects of grade VI-A. Data were collected through written tests and analyzed using five stages of NEA: reading errors, understanding, transformation, process skills, and writing final answers. The results of the study showed that most students made errors at the stages of understanding, transformation, and process skills. Factors causing errors include lack of conceptual understanding, procedural errors, and inaccuracy in solving problems. The conclusion of this study shows the need for an active role for teachers in identifying and overcoming student errors through appropriate teaching methods, especially on the topic of circles. This study is expected to provide an overview for teachers in designing appropriate learning strategies to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts.

The archiving of case documents that have obtained permanent legal force (inkracht) at the State Administrative Court (PTUN) of Banjarmasin is a crucial aspect of judicial administration, serving to maintain the accuracy of legal documentation while supporting transparency and accountability within the judicial system. This process includes the recording, storage, and disposal of documents in accordance with applicable regulations, as stipulated by the Supreme Court and national archival regulations. From the perspective of Public Administration Theory, archival management must be conducted systematically and based on regulations to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of judicial services. Meanwhile, according to the Theory of Judicial Transparency and Accountability, information openness in archival management plays a significant role in building public trust in the judiciary. Although PTUN Banjarmasin has implemented an archiving system that complies with established standards, challenges in the digitalization of archives remain an obstacle, particularly in terms of technology optimization and human resource readiness. Therefore, strengthening digital-based archival systems and enhancing judicial administrative capacity are strategic measures to improve document management efficiency, reduce the risk of loss or damage to physical archives, and reinforce judicial transparency and accountability.

 This paper aims to analyze the implementation of restitution right fulfillment for children as sexual crime victims in the legal area of the North Maluku High Prosecutor’s Office, Indonesia and the challenges in fulfilling these rights. Restitution is compensation given to the victim by the perpetrator of the crime or a third party and is an effort to guarantee the rights of victims. There was an issue where restitution rights were seldom strived for by law enforcers. Another problem is that society lacks knowledge of the existence of restitution rights. This paper is urgent because it may provide information on why these issues exist and how to resolve them in order to give victims their rights. This was empirical research which employed the statute approach and the case approach. In this paper, the live case study was applied. Results showed that the restitution fulfillment of children as sexual crime victims in the North Maluku High Prosecutor’s Office was still suboptimum as there was only one case in 2022 where the general prosecutor strived to demand restitution. The restitution is regulated in Governmental Regulation No. 43 of 2017 and Guidelines Supreme Court No. 1 of 2021. Law enforcing apparatuses and social institutions need to organize an education program for society on restitution rights for children as sexual crime victims in the North Maluku Province to increase their awareness. The application for restitution should be strived for by law enforcers starting from the investigation stage as more time is available.

Instructional media plays a crucial role in achieving educational objectives. Educators need to develop teaching strategies using various appropriate media and learning resources. Currently, GASING mathematics instructional media only consists of modules, PowerPoint, and teaching aids. This indicates the untapped potential in utilizing instructional media such as animated videos as engaging and effective learning tools. Based on this issue, the researcher employed the GASING method in the subject of mathematics, specifically focusing on multiplying 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers. This study aims to ascertain the development process and feasibility of animated videos using Powtoon. These animated videos were developed using the ADDIE model. Based on validation results by language experts, an average of 98.33% was obtained, while content experts yielded an average percentage of 78.18%. Furthermore, media experts achieved an average percentage of 90.67%, and individual trials (One to One) resulted in an average percentage of 85.64%. Based on the validation results by experts, it can be concluded that animated video instructional media using Powtoon in mathematics with the GASING method as the developed instructional media is highly suitable for field use, as evidenced by the average percentage of feasibility obtained being 88.21% (very feasible).