Multinational corporations (MNCs) face significant ethical challenges when operating across diverse cultural environments, where differing norms and values can create conflicts in decision-making processes. This study examines how cultural dimensions, such as power distance and collectivism, influence ethical decision-making within MNCs, with a specific focus on operations in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, the research integrates thematic analysis of case studies and interviews with corporate managers. Data were also triangulated with organizational documents and industry reports. The findings reveal that high power-distance cultures, such as Indonesia, favor centralized decision-making, with ethical dilemmas typically resolved by senior leadership. While this hierarchical approach ensures efficiency, it often compromises transparency and accountability. Conversely, the collectivist orientation emphasizes group consensus and community engagement, fostering inclusivity but occasionally delaying resolution. For instance, case studies on bribery, environmental violations, and gender equality initiatives demonstrate the critical role of cultural adaptation in achieving ethical outcomes. Notably, participatory approaches involving local stakeholders improved trust and alignment with community expectations, enhancing reputational outcomes by 20% compared to centralized strategies. The study concludes that effective ethical frameworks for MNCs must balance global standards with cultural sensitivities. Recommendations include the adoption of culturally adaptive ethical policies, inclusive leadership training, and robust stakeholder engagement strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for MNCs aiming to navigate ethical complexities in culturally heterogeneous environments, contributing to both theoretical and practical advancements in global business ethics

The security of electronic banking transactions is becoming increasingly critical due to the rising threat of cyberattacks, which can result in financial and reputational damage to financial institutions. Despite the implementation of various authentication methods, vulnerabilities remain that can be exploited by attackers, particularly in the context of static passwords and tokens. This study aims to address these shortcomings by implementing the Two-Way Challenge-Response method, which offers a more robust and dynamic authentication approach. The method employed in this research involves the exchange of information between the client and server, where the challenges generated are unique to each authentication session. This process not only validates user identities but also ensures that the transmitted information cannot be predicted by third parties. The results of the study indicate that the application of this method significantly reduces the risk of attacks such as identity theft and replay attacks, while also enhancing the speed and efficiency of the authentication process. The implications of these findings suggest that the Two-Way Challenge-Response method can be an effective solution for enhancing the security of electronic banking transactions. By adopting this method, financial institutions can strengthen their security systems, increase user trust, and reduce the potential for losses due to cyberattacks. This research contributes significantly to the development of more secure authentication systems in the digital age

The Village Financial Management Information System is needed as a solution for the village government in carrying out its functions. Especially in village financial management. This is based on village needs, where village financial management still uses the conventional model, namely planning a budget by writing it on a book and continuing with recording on the Ms. office application. Excel and the difficulty of data search processes, reporting systems. The arrangement of information that is carried out regularly, clearly, precisely and quickly and can be presented in applications and reports certainly greatly supports the smooth running of village government operations. By utilizing information technology the village government can interact and exchange information with residents and with other village governments so as to facilitate the running of the village government in providing services and information to the community.

This study examines the creation of Customer Value with the supporting variables Relationship Quality and Cost-to-Cost as variables that can affect value. Customer Value for the company in building relationships in the future. This research takes companies that supply fabric dyes to textile companies by conducting interviews via email and in-person interviews. The method used is to examine qualitatively and quantitatively. In qualitative research, it examines the costs incurred which have a correlation with customer service and the estimated actual costs for individual services. Furthermore, quantitative measurements are carried out to check the quality of RQ, profitability from past customers, Customer Lifttime Value (CLV) by presenting the proposed framework. In the final section, an evaluation of the effect of RQ on CLV is carried out which results in the conclusion that RQ has an effect on driving customer costs and profitability in the future.