Poverty is a multidimensional problem that is not only related to economic aspects, but also social, cultural, and political, which affects the welfare of poor families. The Family Hope Program (PKH) in Makassar City is designed as a conditional social assistance program that aims to improve the welfare of poor families through the provision of financial assistance and increased access to basic services. This study aims to explore the role of social companions in building trust, factors that affect the participation of poor families, and obstacles in the implementation of PKH. The method used was descriptive qualitative with subjects of 10 beneficiary families and 3 social companions, data was collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations, then analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. The results of the study show that social companions play a crucial role as communication mediators who build trust through an empathetic and familial approach, which strengthens the sense of belonging to the program. Family participation is influenced by social capital, local cultural norms, education levels, as well as bureaucratic constraints and access to services. Barriers such as social stigma, complicated bureaucracy, and limited companion training hinder the effectiveness of the program. Habermas's theory of communicative action and Durkheim's social solidarity support the finding that open dialogue and harmonious relationships between companions and families are key to successful social empowerment. It was concluded that strengthening the capacity of companions, simplifying bureaucracy, and increasing participatory dialogue spaces are needed to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of PKH in Makassar.

The social construction of lesbians in Makassar City is greatly influenced by the social dynamics around them. The processes of externalization, objectification, and internalization experienced by lesbian individuals create space for the lesbian community to form more flexible and diverse identities and roles. Nevertheless, the challenges that lesbians face are related to social norms that often limit the expression of their identities, both in heterosexual contexts and within their own communities. Lesbians who choose to display a more feminine or masculine role, or conversely display a more neutral identity, demonstrate an effort to communicate and adapt to it.This research also reveals that there is a tension between the quest for acceptance by wider society and the search for space for freedom of self-expression. For some lesbians, the choice to appear in accordance with social expectations such as feminine or masculine appearance is a way to conform to existing norms, even though sometimes this does not reflect their true identity. On the other hand, lesbians who prefer not to be bound by labels and rigid gender roles show that they are trying to fight for freedom in defining their own relationships and identity. This research contributes to the understanding of how the social construction of lesbians is shaped and influenced by various social factors, culture, and personal experiences, as well as how lesbian individuals navigate their social world by forming a more flexible and evolving identity.
 
 

Gender is a cultural interpretation and receives a lot of attention in society. One of the problems that occurs in the community in Lattekko Village, Bone Regency, this research is to determine community perceptions and forms of equality within the family by studying family systems theory through developing scales or indicators that reflect aspects of gender equality. Quantitative approach to data collection. The research results show that the level of public knowledge regarding gender equality is still very low. Of the total 40 respondents, only 9 (22.5%) respondents knew gender, while 31 (77.5%) respondents did not know. However, the level of gender equality between men and women does not result in differences in treatment, work, time, public participation in society and household duties. The level of knowledge of respondents regarding gender equality in Lattekko Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency, is still very low.

Indonesia is currently in a demographic bonus until 2035. Where the productive age shows that the number of young people in the age range of 15-29 in 2022 reaches 24.3 percent and this is the basic capital in development. There are several countries that have successfully managed the demographic bonus and become developed countries such as Japan, South Korea, China and Singapore. Based on modernization theory that economic development will affect the value system of society that leads to gender equality. The Demographic Bonus is a golden opportunity for a nation if utilized properly. But the question is whether Indonesia is ready to seize the opportunity. The purpose of this paper is how to reveal facts, phenomena, variables. The research method uses a literature study with a descriptive-qualitative analysis method based on literature review. The results of the study are that there are several reasons that encourage someone to migrate with economic, family, education and work motives. Currently, Indonesia faces challenges in human development. The arrival of young migrants will lead to population growth and human resource development. The decision to migrate between men and women has different driving and pulling factors, women's participation to migrate where women's labor force participation is only 53.41 percent compared to men's 83.87 percent.

This study explores the influence of parenting patterns on the development of adolescent social relations. Adolescence is a critical period for social development, where interactions with peers and adults significantly shape social skills and behaviors. The research aims to identify which parenting styles—authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved—most effectively promote positive social relationships among adolescents. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys, interviews, and observations of adolescents and their parents. The findings indicate that authoritative parenting, characterized by high responsiveness and demandingness, is most conducive to fostering healthy social relationships. Adolescents raised in authoritative households exhibit higher levels of social competence, better conflict resolution skills, and greater empathy compared to those from authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved backgrounds. The study underscores the importance of adopting parenting practices that balance support and discipline to optimize adolescents' social development.