Human resource management (HR) in the government sector, especially in the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency (PUPR) of North Sumatra Province, has a crucial role in determining the effectiveness and efficiency of public services. However, HR management in government agencies still faces various challenges, such as complex bureaucracy, lack of innovation, and employee competency gaps. This study aims to analyze the challenges in HR management and the factors that influence employee performance in order to formulate strategies for optimizing HR management in the government sector. Using qualitative research methods, data were obtained through interviews, document studies, and literature reviews. The results of the study indicate that a rigid personnel system, lack of competency development, and a recruitment and promotion system that is not fully performance-based are the main factors that hinder the effectiveness of employee work. Therefore, reforms are needed in the HR management system, such as improving the recruitment, promotion, and rotation mechanisms of employees, strengthening competency development policies through adaptive training programs, and implementing a performance evaluation system based on objectivity and transparency. With this optimization strategy, it is hoped that employee performance at the PUPR Office of North Sumatra Province can improve, so that public services become more effective and professional.

Mastering English from an early age is an important factor in preparing children to face global challenges in the future. This research aims to explore effective English language teaching methods in local communities, especially for children aged 7-12 years from lower middle socio-economic backgrounds. A qualitative approach was used through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of learning activities for 3 weeks. The research results show that interactive methods, such as games, role playing, and the use of simple technology, can improve language skills, build self-confidence, and create an enjoyable learning experience. In addition, local community involvement and parental empowerment have proven to play an important role in supporting children's learning. These findings emphasize the need for collaboration between communities, educators, and families to create sustainable and relevant learning programs. With a needs-based and technology-based approach, English language teaching can be an effective tool for building a brighter future for children.